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Key-
Abrahamic Religion Movement
Mongol Movement
Black Death Movement
Ibn Battuta Movement
Machu Picchu
Land Trade Routes
Gunpowder Movement
Ocean trade routes
Symptoms
Spread/Contagion
The Black Death Pandemic was the most unwanted thing moving during the 14th century. This was due to the devastation that it brought.
Death and Loss
- The Black Death was a violent and fast acting plague:
- The Black Death Pandemic spread like wildfire:
- The death toll on cities affected by the Black Death Pandemic was severe:
Conquest
Physical Warfare
The Mongol army was the most destructive thing moving during the 13th and 14th centuries
Psycological Warfare
- The Mongols conquered and destroyed many areas on their conquest expeditions.
- The Mongol army was a cruel and deadly force that had many strategies of physical warfar that helped lead them to conquest
- The Mongols not only had physcial battle strategies, they also had physcological ones too.
Strait of Malacca
Indonisian Trade Port
Idonisian and Malaysian Trade ports were the most geographically interesting route becuse their whole economy relied on trade.
Benefits
Disadvantages
Strait of Malacca
Benefits
That led to an ecomomy that reliead complely on trade and the taxing of ships. Trading merchants would also stay the night in the cities, giving the cities more profit. These cities would benefit from the tax and be wealthy for awhile.
What is Gunpowder?
Gunpowder was invented in China and was the most historically signifigant thing moving during this time period.
Advantages
Historical
Signifigance
Gun powder was founded by Chinese monks in 9th century, or, the late Tang Dynasty. Gunpowder is made of sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter. When exposed to fire, gunpowder burns rapidly which gives it the ability to work as a propellant in battle.
Having Gunpowder made conquering people and battles quicker, with less casualties. Later in the Tong Dyansty Chinese engineers used Gunpowder to create siege weaponry, such as cannons, and bombs. This allowed for the Chinese to destroy cities from farther distances, giving them the advantage of surprise. Gunpowder was the base for all of these advantages.
http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/songdynasty-module/tech-gunpowder.html#:~:text=China%20in%201000%20CE&text=Song%20military%20engineers%20found%20gunpowder,cannons%2C%20bombs%2C%20and%20mines.
Gunpowder still has a huge impact on wars today, being used in most military opperations. Gunpowder is also one of the most destructive things, still causing thousands of deaths in a year. Its movement and devolpment in the middle ages have shaped our world as we know it.
Location
China was the most important single location because of its location and technological adavances.
Technological Adavances
China had many of the most important achievments of its time, such as the compass, the mechanical clock, and paper! These are just a few of the many great invetions that China made, and here is how they impacted the world. The compass allowed for ships to orient themselves and become more safe. That is one of the reasons that the Indian Ocean Trade started! The clock, just mad scedulaing and telling time easier than before. And lastly paper is still used today to write and record events. All of these had an immsense impact on the world and are part of what make China the single most important location.
China's location made it an important place because it was plentiful in resources: silk, porcelin, and more. This made China a center of trade and very important in places even as far west as Rome. Romans valued silk highly and viewed China a rich and powerful. That shows the location of China making people in other continents respect them. In addition China also had many other technological advantages that benifited many other people.
Location
India was a place that benefited the most from movement in the Middle Ages, since it was quite central, and powerful.
Political Alliances
Religious Alliances
Being central in many trade routes gave India benefits in money and connections with other countries. The Monsoon winds allowed for trade to be very safe around India, making it accessable for everyone.
People like Zheng He would stop in the royal courts, and forge alliance's with the rulers of that area on behalf of his emperor. This would make that empire stronger in the case of war, or other crises(plural of crisis).
Notes(4/26)
There were also many religeos allies that were formed as Islam and Hinduism moved into India. In addition, many people would travell trough India to make the Hajj. India's centrality and all of these alliance's make India that place that was most benefited by trade.
Christianity
Islam
Abrahamic religions (or the monotheistic faiths rooted in Abraham's belief in one God), such as Christianity, Islam and Judaism, spread like wildfire during the Medieval Period.
Judaism
Christianity
Christianity
Islam
Islam spread and maintained control during the time period that is the 9th to 15th centuries. This was in part due to the rulers growing their ever expanding empires, who just happened to be Muslim (or explorers that were Muslim; e.g. Ibn Battuta and Zheng He). An important point during this time period—dominated by Christianity and Islam—was that the two worlds were very divided.
https://isac.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/uploads/shared/docs/medieval_islam.pdf
Travels
Perspective
Ibn Battuta was an Arab explorer from Tangier (in present day Morocco), who journeyed the old world – from Mecca to Delhi, Mali to Granada.
Discoveries
From 1325 to 1355, Ibn Battuta traveled the old world. First, he went across North Africa to Cairo; next, he visited various cities in the Middle East, eventually completing his first Hajj by arriving in Mecca. Over time, he went to various parts of India and even China (which he did not like). Finally, he journeyed back home and transcribed his journeys in a book.
https://orias.berkeley.edu/resources-teachers/travels-ibn-battuta
In Ibn Battuta's writings, he had various viewpoints on different issues encountered on his travels. However, the most important perspective that Ibn Battuta had was that on Muslim people – or lack thereof. For example, while he was in China, Ibn Battuta felt safe but uncomfortable. He said, "China... it did not please me... I was greatly troubled thinking about the way paganism dominated this country." This explains his other viewpoints; in his perfect world, all would be Muslim (or at least monotheistic).
https://orias.berkeley.edu/resources-teachers/travels-ibn-battuta/journey/through-strait-malacca-china-1345-1346
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Battuta/Time-in-India-and-later-journeys
While he did not contribute much to scientific knowledge nor discover new lands, Ibn Battuta made many important discoveries for the Arab world. The most important of these were the various ways of life that he found in different lands. For example, his travels in Asia Minor still inform us on what life was like a millenia ago
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/big-history-project/expansion-interconnection/exploration-interconnection/a/ibn-battuta
Machu Picchu is the place that we would most like to travel to because to see the beautiful view and its fully constructed buildings. Machu Picchu was constructed in the 15 century and was used as a resort for rich Incan people. The builiding would have been massive, in order to accomadate for the large amount of servants and slaves. In addition there there were many terraces were precious crops were grown. Even though the buildings are destroyed, Machu Picchu is still beautiful today, making us wonder how beautiful it would have been when it had just been contructed.
https://www.boisestate.edu/undergraduate-research/2020/04/22/240-machu-picchu-how-did-they-build-that/#:~:text=Machu%20Picchu%20in%20modern%20day,%2C%20Hiram%20Bingham%2C%20in%201911.