Introduzione 

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Trascrizione

Immigration Story:

The Irish (1800's)

Roughly 9% of the U.S. population is directly Irish, that is 32 million people, and even more are Irish decedents. There are more Irish people in the U.S. then there are in the whole of Ireland, both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. So knowing the story of these peoples family is very important. The stories can shine a light on how America has treated immigrants, we can also see how pseudo-science, like eugenics, and white supremacy had changed the peoples perception of the Irish. These stories also show why some leave their homes to make the journey to America.

Intro

Treatment in America

In America

How were the Irish treated while in America

1871 Cartoon

Stereotype

Description

During the mid to late 1800’s the anti-Irish sentiment among Anglo-Americans was at an all time high. And we clearly see that in the political cartoons of the time. The Irish were depicted as drunk, disgusting, savages, unruly, and not as civilized as the Anglo man. They were also seen as hypocrites, ‘if they want to be treated well why are they rowdy and drunkards.’ To them, being the average Anglo-American, the Irish were a public hazard and were dangerous to the 'refinement' of the U.S. and its more advanced and superior race

Harper's Weekly c.1899

Eugenics

Description

And as was typical of this time period many used pseudo-science and eugenics to excuse their hatred. They would often compare the Irish to African Americans in their physical appearance and supposed intellect. For many eugenicists the Irish were a completely different species from the Anglo, more akin to a monkey than the advanced and civilized “true White Man.” This particular example from 1899 uses academic terminology to sound more credible and accurate to the sciences of the time.

NYT Job Adverts c.18--

Discrimination

Description

A very common sight at this time was the “No Irish Need Apply” catchphrase. This phrase usually appeared in job listings and searches, it was also used in tandem with the anti-Irish dog whistle of only allowing protestants. Most of the Irish population at the time were Catholic. Their Catholicism is also the reason as to why many of the racist depictions of the Irish at the time were based on Guy Fawkes, a Catholic who had attempted to blow up the British parliament. Guy Fawkes was such a hated figure that there was a night every year in England where people would burn a visage of him. So the Anti-Catholic attitude of the Anglo-Saxon English spread to the Anglo-Americans of the U.S. which further bleed into hating the majority Catholic Irish

In Ireland & The Isle

In Ireland

Why did so many leave Ireland for America

Victims of the Great Famine c.1850

Great Hunger

Description

Despite all of the hatred from those in America, it was still a better option than continuing to live in English controlled Ireland. The primary cause of the massive influx of Irish people to America in the mid 1800’s was the Irish Potato Famine, the Great Hunger, which had ravaged through the primary crop of Ireland. Between 1844 and 1851 the Irish population went from well over 8 million to a little over 6 million. It is estimated that 1 million Irish died of famine related diseases and a further 2 million emigrated overseas. This illustration from 1850 depicts many victims of the Famine leaving Ireland to places like Liverpool or New York City. Many left so they may support their families by making money in other places. This outflux of people caused a population decrease that has yet, to this day, fully recovered

Excerpt from George Cornewall's Report c. 1836

In the Rest of the UK

In spite the fact that Ireland is only around 20 miles away from Great Britain they were still distrusted by the British government as they were in America. The general distrust of the Irish can be traced to a feud between them that has been going on since the fall of Rome. So as Irish workers emigrated to Scotland or England somewhat unsurprisingly there was a general negative opinion of them. Their mere presence in the workforce would ", lower wages and debase moral character." Similar sentiments were seen in America at the time, though in America there wasn't centuries of discrimination, murder, or cultural destruction behind their hate.

Description

When we see senseless hate and discrimination from a bygone age it can seem so distant, but a speck in the grand scheme of things. But that hate was closer than we think, we've seen that only 200 years ago many people hated the Irish simply because they were different from what they though was "superior." Though that hate is not as prevalent as it was then it still exists within many communities. We will never truly be able to cut out all of the hate that is just not feasible, but we can cut out enough to where people can just live the life they want, and we have made so much progress but there is still much more progress left to make.

Conclusion

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