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Part 1 - DNA Structure

Unit 3.2 - Structure and Function of DNA

DNA

  • DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid
  • DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information and passes it from one generation to the next.
  • During DNA replication, DNA is copied so that every cell in an organism contains all its DNA.

DNA

Nucleotides

  • DNA is made of monomers, or building blocks, called NUCLEOTIDES.
  • Each nucleotide is made of 3 parts:
  • Nitrogenous Base, Sugar, Phosphate Group

Nucleotides

Nitrogenous Bases

  • There are four different kinds of bases separated into 2 groups:

Nitrogenous Bases

Chargaff's Rule

  • When you look at ANY organism, the amount of adenine bases always nearly equals the amount of thymine.
  • Same for guanine and cytosine.
  • in other words, A bonds with T and G bonds with C

Chargaff's Rule

Picture

DNA Structure

  • Using a technique called X-ray diffraction, a scientist named Rosalind Franklin discovered that DNA was not a single strand of nucleotides, but two strands twisted around each other in a DOUBLE HELIX.
  • Using the clues about DNA structure from Rosalind Franklin’s research, Watson and Crick made a 3D model of DNA in 1953, showing its double-helix shape.

DNA Structure

Picture

Two Forms of DNA

1. CHROMATIN: DNA and proteins are densely packed in the nucleus

2. CHROMOSOMES: separated into 23 pairs of chromosomes, 46 total

Two Forms

Additional Resources

Science in Pajamas

Other Videos

Additional Resources

Science in Pajamas

History of DNA

DNA Structure

History of DNA

DNA Structure

Other Videos

Amoeba Sisters - DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits: An Intro to Heredity

Don't Memorise - Structure of the Double Helix

Stately Clearly - What is DNA and How Does it Work?

TED-Ed - Rosalind Franklin: DNA's Unsung Hero

Other Videos

AS - DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits: An Intro to Heredity

AS - DNA, Chromosomes, Genes, and Traits

DM - Structure of the Double Helix

SC - What is DNA and How Does it Work?

SC - What is DNA?

TE - Rosalind Franklin: DNA's Unsung Hero

TE - Rosalind Franklin

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