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Writing Workshop #11
1
Be Aggressive
Active & Passive Sentences + Research Paper Writing
Review
"You will know a tree by its fruit."
Review
- "A Tale of 2 Writers":
-> Which one are you?
-> Which one do you want to be?
- Killing Clutter Pt. 1: Active + Passive sentences
Active or Passive?
Voice
Writers write in one or two "voices."
Active: Reveals what subject is doing or is like.
(Subject -----> Object/Adjective.)
Passive: Reveals subject being acted upon (receiving action). (Subject <--------Actor.)
The veteran baseball player taught the team.
(Active voice)
The team was taught by the veteran baseball player.
(Subject <------ Actor)
Evelyn turned in her homework. (Active or Passive?)
The homework was turned in by Evelyn. (A or P?)
Passive Voice
Everyone loves a good movie.
A good movie is loved by everyone.
The referee delayed the game.
The game was delayed by the referee.
Michael ate Chick-fil-A.
Chick-fil-A was eaten by Michael.
Mistakes were made.
We made mistakes.
Passive
1. PREFER ACTIVE VOICE
2. Passive voice normally requires more words than active voice.
3. Passive voice leaves the reader with more questions.
4. Passive voice stalls the action of the sentence.
Why use it?
Passive voice reveals someone or something being acted upon.
- Careful writers know when and why to use active or passive.
Example:
"The governor was re-elected by the people."
vs.
"The people re-elected the governor."
Exceptions
Passive Voice sentences need 2 things:
1. Linking Verb: is/am/was/were
2. Past-tense verb: teach -> taught
Exceptions
"Mistakes were made." // "The money was stolen."
Can't Become Passive
Sentences with L.V. + Adjective or Noun (compliments)
- Emily is my wife. Subject + L.V. + Noun
- Sam is a student. Subject + L.V. + Noun
- Emily is hilarious. Subject + L.V. + Adjective
- Ms. Reno is intelligent. Subject + L.V. + Adj.
? Isaiah smells bad.
? Isaiah looks weird.
Sally's favorite show is Friends. It is watched by her every night. Though she loves it, she's thinking of canceling her subscription because she found out Friends will be canceled by Netflix in 2019. She doesn't want to cancel her subscription, because she enjoys Netflix, but she watches only Friends. It doesn't make sense why Netflix would stop showing it; the show is loved by her and thousands of others. Many shows are carried by Netflix, but none of them are as enjoyable as Friends. She may now have to use that time to read a book or talk to a human. Neither of those options are enjoyed by her.
Activity
David
Activity
Read the short paragraph.
Underline all passive voice sentences.
In the box underneath, rewrite passive voice sentences into active voices sentences.
What's coming up?
Coming up
Research Paper
- You will find out your research paper topic and other sundry issues next week.
What Makes a Good Research Paper?
Research Papers
1. Clear idea
2. Clear goals
3. Clear writing
Clear Ideas
Clear Ideas
Clear Idea Process:
1. Identify what your topic is.
2. Unless specified, research specifics of a topic to write about.
Ex: Topic = Social Media Usage
Specific options:
What is harmful about social media? (Bullying, Addiction, Time Wastage, etc.)
Who's really using social media? (IG & Linkedin: Businesses, Facebook: Boomers & Gen X, Twitter: College students, Snapchat: Millennials & Teens.
3. Create a mission statement for your paper. Know what you're going to write about and what you're not writing about.
"In this paper, I will write about..."
"In this paper, I want to highlight...."
Research papers demonstrate your understanding of a subject. They aren't always meant to be persuasive, but they provide the reader with a writer's comprehensive understanding of a subject.
Comprehensive: Not everything you know.
- Necessary, relevant content on a given topic.
Clear ideas come from knowing what you're going to say AND knowing what you're NOT going to say.
Clear Goals
Clear Goals
What are you trying to accomplish in your research paper?
Topics: What You're Writing About
1. Speak on a topic with authority.
2. Advance someone's understanding.
3. Provide trustworthy, citable resources.
Content: How You're Writing About It
1. Connected
2. Clear
3. Compelling
Clear Writing
Outline
Subject: I want to show why coffee is the most important beverage historically and economically.
1. Introduction:
A. Hook:
B. Thesis:
2. Body Paragraph 1: Coffee’s role in shaping history
Subpoint A. Coffee was an original sign of colonial patriotism.
1a.
2a.
Subpoint B. Coffee fueled the Industrial Revolution.
1a.
2a.
Subpoint C. Coffee changed World War 1.
1a.
2a.
3. Body Paragraph 2: Coffee’s invaluable economic role
A. Coffee fuels bodies and global economy.
1a.
2a.
B. Coffee prices are more important than oil prices.
1a.
2a.
C. Coffee farmers have lifted 3rd-world communities out of poverty.
1a.
2a.
D. Conclusion:
Outline:
1. Intro Paragraph: Billboard (Hook) + Road Map (Thesis)
A. Hook: Involve the reader (Context, Connection, Curiosity).
B. Thesis: "Controlling Idea"- Tell the reader where he or she is going.
(Tip: Draft a thesis, draft your project, then realign and rewrite thesis.)
2. Body: What Makes You an Expert? (Unpack your thesis)
A. Order Your Ideas: River vs. House of Cards
B. Strong, Stronger, Strongest: Order for Emphasis
C. Transition (don't drag) Your Reader
3. Conclusion: "Don't just stop; end."
A. Pump the Brakes. Don't Slam Them.
B. Summarize & Restate Your Thesis.
1a. DO NOT WRITE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. "That is why I think this is important."
2. "Now you know..."
3. "Now you can go tell others."
4 "And that is why it's good to know about this."
Specific
Outline
A. Intro Paragraph: Billboard + Road Map
1. Interests + Involves the Reader
1a.
Clear Writing
1. Develop and clarify your ideas.
2. Organize your ideas.
3. Keep research notes: store content, citation info, extra "gold" in a safe place.
4. Outline your writing: create a skeleton for your body of writing.
5. Fill in outline with writing.
6. Edit & Rewrite!
Project: Due 12/6
Title: Workshop 11- Research Outline
Project: Find a research subject.
Use Mr. Riggs's Outline (in email) to create your own outline.
*Upload outline from your email to your Google folder.*
Please see Ms. Reno if you're using an Ipad before
end of brain break.