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ENGL E101F Wk 6 Ss 1_L23
3
ENGL E101F
Week 6 Session 1
L23
Copyright by Gladys Luk 2020
- Warm up exercise
- Recap
- Collocation and informal features
- Reminder on Assignment 1
- Summarising and paraphrasing
- Academic word choice
- Citation and referencing
Warm up exercise
Warm up exercise
Warm up exercise
Recap
Recap
Talked about:
- Polysemy
- Unit 2: Activity 5 Part III
- Physical symptoms
What are we going to do tomorrow?
- More about the errors found in the teacher-marked writing
- Collocation and informal features
- Reminder on Assignment 1
- Revision on summarising
- Paraphrasing
- Citation and referencing
Presentation grouping
Presentation Grouping
Liang Yuen
Ko Tsz Nga
Lai Tsz Shan
Leung Lai Tung
Nouns with Adjectives
Chan Man Ho
Siu Chun Pong
Law Tsz Ching
Chung Chi Keung
Leung Tsz Hin
Verbs with adverbs
Presentation Grouping
Lam Tsz Hin Torres
Tang Ka Ho Andy
Chu Shu Shuen Sophie
Ng Yan Wa Prudence
Keung Wing Tung Maggie
Prepositions with verbs
Ng Tsz Yin
Pang Wing Huen
Ng Tsz Wing
Li Ka Yi
Ho Sze Huen
Conjunctions
Presentation Grouping
Wong Nam(Victoria)
Tse Yan Tung (Jasmine)
Lee Hau Yin (Nettie)
Tam Sze Hang (Esme)
Conjunctions
Kwong Tsz Yan
Ng Lee Man
Chau Chak Wai
Fung See Chi
Kwan Tsz Lam
Verbs with adverbs
Presentation Grouping
Mo Ka Lok, Jacky
Chan Sze Ying, Natalie
Prepositions with verbs
Presentation Grouping
Nouns with adjectives (1)
Nouns with pronouns
Nouns with articles
Verbs with adverbs (2)
Conjunctions (2)
Prepositions with verbs (2)
Teacher-marked writing
Informal features and Collocation
Avoid informal features
Informal features include:
- contractions e.g. don't, won't, what's etc
- Idioms e.g. kick the bucket, one stone kills two birds
- direct questions e.g. What qualities do you look for in your partner?
- Question tag e.g. Confident men are more attractive, right?
Avoid informal features
- Imperative sentences e.g. Take actions
- Others e.g. informal choice of words
- guys
- well maybe
Avoid informal features
Direct questions vs Rhetorical questions
- Direct questions should be avoided except your title.
- Rhetorical questions may be used to raise awareness of a particular issue.
Avoid informal features
Compare:
direction question
Why did this happen?
Rhetorical question
Why, therefore, did this happen?
Actually what are rhetorical questions?
Avoid informal features
Rhetorical questions
A forceful statement which has the form of a question but which does not expect an answer
Example:
What difference does it make?
=
It makes no difference.
Avoid informal features
a tag
Today is fine, isn't it?
Question tag:
A tag attached to a statement
Turn a statement into a question
To get confirmation; to seek agreement from others
Avoid informal features
Idioms: culture related, artistic style
Most of these informal features make the essay more conversational.
Collocation
- putting two or more things together
- especially those words in a pattern;
- i.e. these words co-occur more often than expected by chance
a natural combination of words
Collocation
Examples:
- It's raining cats and dogs.
- commit a crime
- strong tea (not powerful tea)
- a powerful computer (not a strong computer
Collocation
Types of collocation:
- Strong collocation
- Fixed collocation
- Weak collocation
Collocation: Strong collocation
Words are very closely associated with each other.
- 'blond' with 'hair'
- 'mitigating' with 'circumstances or factors'
Collocation: Fixed collocation
The collocations are so strong that they cannot be changed in any way.
- to and fro
Collocation: Weak collocation
The collocations are made up of words that collocate with a wide range of other words.
- commit a crime, commit suicide
- a broad avenue, a broad shoulder
Collocation
How to learn collocations?
Refer to a collocation dictionary
Refer to a concordancer (corpus)
Corpus/ Corpora
What is a corpus?
A corpus is a large collection of written or spoken texts that is used for language research.
Collocation: corpus
Collocation: corpus
Collocation: corpus
Collocation
Collocation
workload
Collocation
solve the struggle
Collocation
Think positive
Collocation
Think positively
Errors
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
Download the document called
ENGL E101F_teacher-marked writing_L23 from my cloud drive
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
- These mistakes are taken from your writing.
- See if you can identify which categories they belong to
- Then correct them accordingly
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
4, 2 or 5
3
8
1
2
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
9
3
8
5
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
3, 4
9
8
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
1
2
1
9
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
8
5
7, 1
6
8, 3
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
This gives women/a woman a sense of security
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
his response will show that he does not respect you or listen to you
a fact
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
'Although' is a conjunction. That means there should be 2 clauses but look, there is only one. The main clause is missing.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
collocation
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
I choose optimism.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
give them the sense of security/ provide them with the sense of security
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
3
the woman has to spend a lot of time
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
Similar to a previous example
the main clause is missing.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
type of / kind of + singular nouns
type of man / kind of person
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
the trend of equality is
the trend of equality has become more and more popular
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
redundant e.g. adequate enough; in my opinion, I think
The reason/ because
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
Link ideas with linking devices rather than commas
Having confidence means that you trust yourself and think that you can succeed. More importantly, you will have the motivation to achieve your goal.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
collocation
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
Don't overuse 'the'.
Girls with humour can bring joy to the people around them and keep the men happy.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
collocation
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
sound rather chinglish like
make you the most outstanding one among the boys
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
similar to a previous example
the main clause is missing
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
the man ... help them
If the man lacks independence, the woman needs to help him to do many things.
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
they can provide happiness for me to increase my working performance
they can provide happiness for me to improve my work performance
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
They always share their funny and interesting stories with others
Common Errors in the teacher-marked writing
willing: not a verb
Having someone who I can talk to and is willing to listen makes me feel that I am not alone. This also gives me the sense of belonging within/in the relationship.
Assignment 1
Reminder on Assignment 1
Submission
Due Date: 13 November (week 7)
Time: 11:59 pm
Where: via the submission button
Remember:
- Choose Assignment & attached the assignment
- make sure you have submitted successfully
template & cover sheet: discussion board already
Summarising & paraphrasing
Summarising and paraphrasing
Summarising
Summarising
Points to remember:
- No personal evaluation and judgment
- No extra information should be included
- To acknowledge Agnes, the author, you can begin your summary with: According to Agnes Tsang of WWF Hong Kong, ...
Summarising
Tsang's position and arguments
irrelevant details and examples
Underline
Delete
Rewrite
Rearrange
present with your own words
rearrange to achieve coherence
Summarising: Attention
Summarising: Attention
Content
Language
Paraphrasing
What is it?
Paraphrasing
To present the ideas in your own words
The text may not be shortened.
How to do it?
Rewrite
Use shorter or more concise words, synonyms
Rearrange
Words and/or sentences for coherence
Activities
Activities: Unit 4 Activity 7 part 1 (P.49)
Read the original text and its paraphrase in Activity 6
Then compare their wordings
Original Text
Activities
switch to renewable energy
two reasons:
clean sources, substitutes for fossil fuels
projected world population
increasing global energy demand
rapid depletion of the world's fossil fuel reserves upsurge of fuel and electricity prices
Many countries are already switching to renewable energy. Apart from looking for clean energy sources from the environmental point of view, the search for new energy sources as substitutes for fossil fuels is another reason providing such drive. With a projected world population of 10 billion by the year 2050, the increasing global energy demand will propel a more rapid depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves. Such possible tightening of energy supplies in the future will inevitably result in an upsurge of fuel and electricity prices. Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels. Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out to a future world.
Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels.
Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 1 (P.49)
Environmentally friendly
The surging demand for fossil fuels
More quickly used up
Lessen the reliance
Activities
Original Text
Paraphrase
There are two reasons for using renewable energy. First, renewable energy sources are seen as environmentally friendly. Second, when the world population grows, the surging demand for fossil fuels will mean global supplies of fossil fuels will be more quickly used up and this will lead to higher prices. The use of alternative energy sources can lessen the reliance on the fossil fuels. Using renewable energy sources will make the world sustainable.
Many countries are already switching to renewable energy. Apart from looking for clean energy sources from the environmental point of view, the search for new energy sources as substitutes for fossil fuels is another reason providing such drive. With a projected world population of 10 billion by the year 2050, the increasing global energy demand will propel a more rapid depletion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves. Such possible tightening of energy supplies in the future will inevitably result in an upsurge of fuel and electricity prices. Renewable energy can reduce the reliance on exhaustible sources of fossil fuels. Utilising renewable energy to generate electricity is probably the way out to a future world.
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 2 (P. 49)
Key ideas:
There is plenty of water on the earth. In fact, there is enough water on this planet for everyone to have a huge lake. The trouble is that the water isn’t always found in the place where it is needed. In addition, much of the water is polluted or salty. Because of these problems, there are many people without sufficient water.
Activities
enough water on this planet for a huge lake
sufficient water on this planet for a huge lake
unreachable
isn’t always found in the place where it is needed
Activities
undrinkable
polluted or salty
many people without sufficient water
many people do not have water they need
Activities
Unit 4, Activity 7 Part 2 (P. 49)
The water on the planet is sufficient for everyone to have a huge lake. However, many people do not have the water they need because much of the water is either undrinkable or unreachable.
Symptoms
Psychological Symptoms
Psychological symptoms
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
What are they?
Unable to obtain sufficient sleep
Insomnia
Hear something that does not exist
Auditory hallucinations
Disoriented
Lose perception of time, place or one's personal identity
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Incapable of reasoning
Irrational
Manic
Excessive excitement or enthusiasm
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Now listen to the recording regarding Mr Gill and tick (√) the symptoms
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Write about symptoms: some rules to remember
The flow:
1. More important ones first or in chronological order i.e. from past to present (tense: past to present/ present perfect)
2. From physical to psychological
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Rearrange the following sentences into a clear and coherent paragraph describing the patient's symptoms.
Two weeks ago Miss McDonald had a mild fever and complained of a loss of appetite. (4)
Later she suffered nausea and diarrhoea with an occasional pain in her stomach. (3)
It began suddenly last night as a mild but constant pain all over the abdomen and caused her insomnia. (6)
Psychological/ emotional symptoms
Today she is suffering a constant sharp pain in the lower right side of her abdomen. (1)
The pain gets worse when she coughes, and is relieved by lying down. (5) [Still talk about physical symptoms]
The pain has made Miss McDonald worry about having a tumor inside her abdomen. She has become emotional and cries a lot. (2) [Psychological symptoms]
Academic Writing
What is it?
What is Academic Writing?
Academic writing = Formal writing
What is special about Academic writing?
In simple words,
- clearer and more precise
- facts and statistics
- complex sentence structures
What is Academic Writing?
What is more?
What is Academic Writing?
- No slang or colloquial language
- No contracted (short) forms
- Different in terms of choice of words and grammar
- The way of organizing the ideas
- Most importantly, with citation and referencing
What is Academic Writing?
Formality
academics
family and friends
conversational
serious thought
complex sentences showing considerable variety in construction
mostly simple and compound sentences joined by conjunctions such as and or but
clear and well planned
less likely to be clear and as organised
may not always use complete sentences
likely to be error free
use of short forms, idioms and slang
Technical and academic language used accurately
Academic Word choice
Academic writing
Key Characteristics:
- More objective
- More complex
- Has a more formal structure
- More referencing
Academic writing
More reliable, more trustworthy
In terms of grammar and structure
More objective
More complex
Has a more formal structure
More referencing
In terms of the organization
refer to citation and references to avoid plagiarism
Academic writing: more complex
In terms of formality and grammatical structures
Formality of language:
- big differences vs most significant distinction
*Word choice to convey a high level of formality
look into the issue vs examine the issue
talk about vs discuss
come up with some possible solutions vs
suggest some possible solutions
Academic writing: more complex
More academic word choice
Try to complete the activity
1. He carried out a great deal of research into pollution.
2. She obtained her PhD degree in 2010.
3. One of the key factors in good academic writing is appropriate choice of words, which can help students submit really excellent assignments.
Academic writing: more complex
4. Working hard is essential for university students.
5. The cost of computers has decreased considerably in recent years.
6. Students can eliminate errors in their writing by proofreading carefully.
7. Scientists have recently discovered ways of making plastic biodegradable.
Academic writing: more complex
8. Prices of books have fluctuated wildly over the past five years.
9. In this essay, you are advised to discuss the ways in which cultural background can affect a student's approach to learning.
10. The professor wanted her students to analyse the problems before suggesting possible solutions to them.
Citation and Referencing
Recap
3 steps
Citation and referencing
3 steps:
- present the ideas with verbs of attribution
- insert the in-text citation in the text
- at the end, prepare a reference list
Verbs of attribution
Verbs of attribution
Tell the readers why we select these ideas and how we view them with the use of verbs of attribution.
Practice (Activity 3 Page 60)
Underline the verbs of attribution and sentence patterns the author uses to comment on the ideas.
Verbs of attribution
established = discovered
found = reporting results
Verbs of attribution
The ideas:
- One of the most reliable climate records by noting movements of stations and population changes.
- Statistically significant artificial warming of temperature begins to appear in places with populations as small as 2,500.
Verbs of attribution
both 'noted' and 'conclude' = presenting views
Verbs of attribution
The ideas:
- used satellite observations to study the very important water vapour - greenhouse feedback mechanism.
- the greenhouse effect is found to increase significantly with sea surface temperature
Verbs of attribution
analyse: explaining
found: reporting results
argue: presenting views/arguments
Verbs of attribution
The ideas:
- the effect of levies on different fuels in different kinds of agreement
- in a complete global agreement the tax should be equal across fuels
- the change in prices across fuels will be complicated by the different levels of demand for the fuels
In-text citation
Activity 6 Part 1 (P. 65)
Read through the text below. Underline the integral and non-integral references.
Activity 6 Part 1 (P.65)
Integral
Non integral
Activity 6 Part II (P.66)
According to Butt (2002), two third of the respondents were concerned about the construction of incinerators close to their living areas.
Butt (2002) found that two third of the respondents ...
Activity 6 Part II
Not a complete sentence
Activity 6 Part II
As Lo (2001) has demonstrated, most Hong Kong people have reservations about the mandatory producer-responsibility legislations.
Lo (2001) has demonstrated that most Hong Kong people ...
Activity 6 Part II
Activity 6 Part II
In Lynne's (2007) view, growing more plants is beneficial to human health.
Lynne (2007) contends that growing more plants is ...