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Goal Setting and Achievement Goal Orientation
30
The Road to Learning
Goal Orientation Theory
Goal orientation refers to a persons behavior towards developing or validating their ability to achieve or perform. As a social cognitive theory, it explores the motivation behind student achievement and engagelment.
How did the Goal Setting Theory evolve?
How did the Goal Setting Theory evolve?
Goal Setting Theory was developed on the basis of empirical research conducted over 4 decades. It is based on Ryan's (1970) ideas that " conscience goals affect action."
What is a Goal?
A goal is the object or aim of an action.
What is a Goal?
Example: to achieve a specific standard ot proficiencey, typically within a certain time period.
A core goal is a long-term goal that drives much of what an individual does. These long-term goals help direct behavior toward achievement and success.
A core goal is a long-term goal that drives much of what an individu...
Proximal goals are short-term goals. They are more concrete and can be accomplished within a short time period. One can think of proximal goals as a stepping stone toward a longer-range goal.
Two Types of Goal Orientations
Mastery and Performance Goals
Mastery Goal Orientation
A focus on learning, mastering the task according to self-set standards or self-improvement, developing new skills, improving developing competence, trying to accomplish someting challenging and trying to gain understanding or insight.
Mastery Goal Orientation
Mastery Goal Orientation believes that
• Effort leads to success
• Pride and satisfaction are associated with
successful effort
• Guilt is associated with inadequate effort
• Preference for challenging work and risk taking
• Intrinsic Interest in learning activities
• Positive attitudes towards learning
Mastery Goal Orientation believes that
• Effort leads to success
• Pride and satisfaction are associated with
successful effort
• Guilt is associated with inadequate effort
• Preference for challenging work and risk taking
• Intrinsic Interest in learning activities
• Positive attitudes towards learning
Performance Goal Orientation
Focuses on demonstrating competence or ability and how ability will be judged compared to others.
Perfomance Goal Orientation
• Avoidance of challenging tasks
• Negative affect following failure and
judgement that one lacks ability.
• Positive affect following success with
little effort
• Use of superficial or short term learning
Perfomance Goal Orientation
• Avoidance ...
Performance and Mastery Goal Orientation Groups are subdivided into approach and avoidance orentation.
Performance and Mastery Goal Orientation Groups are subdivided in...
1. Performance approach orientation – the goal is to demonstrate competence by performing well.
1. Performance approach orientation – the goal is ...
2. Performance avoidance orientation – the goal is to avoid demonstrating incompetence.
2. Performance avoidance orientation – the goal is to avo...
3. Mastery approach orientation learning a...
3. Mastery approach orientation learning and understanding.
The goal is to develop competence for the sake of learning and understanding.
4. Mastery avoidance orientation
The goal is to avoid misunderstanding
4. Mastery avoidance orientation
The goal is ...
How can we use this in a teaching context?
Students goal orientation leads to – behavior towards achievement tasks that leads to academic outcomes.
Mastery goal orientation is positively associated with academic performance. Payne, Youngcourt & Beaubien 2007
How can we use this in a teaching context?
Students goal orientation leads to – behavior towards achievement tasks that leads to academic outcomes.
Mastery goal orientation is positively associated with academic performance. Payne, Youngcourt & Beaubien 2007
How do you think you may apply this in your academic setting?
(whole group discussion)
Can teachers can inflence students goal orientation?
How do you think you may apply this in your academic setti...
Can you share? As students.
Mastery goal orientation during undergrad studies that promoted a motivational pattern that you feel promoted long term and high quality involvement in your learning experience?
Can you share? As students.
Mastery goal orientati...
For teachers:
- It maximizes learning and achievement.
- Promote mastery goal orientations.
- Minimizesperformance-avoidance orientations.
For teachers:
- It maximizes learning and achieveme...
Share examples in your academic/ professional
context.
1. Performance goals are affected by the learning goals so the high goal setting leads to a significant performance.
2. Lifelong learning is from long term goals.
3. Long term goals are dependent on value.
Share examples in your academic/ professional
conte...
Goal orientation – to hit your target!
Task – use a variety of learning activities that are challenging, organized, and are perceived as useful and interesting to students.
Authority – give students the opportunity to be responsible for their learning, make decisions, and assume leadership roles
Recognition – Give students incentives
Grouping – heterogeneous grouping to promote collaboration and cooperation
Evaluation – Assessments to evaluate individual progress, improvement and mastery
Timing – give students the opportunity to plan and make schedules for completing their assessments and studying at optimal rates
Goal orientation – to hit your target!
Task – use a variety of learning activities that are challenging, organized, and are perceived as useful and interesting to students.
Authority – give students the opportunity to be responsible for their learning, make decisions, and assume leadership roles
Recognition – Give students incentives
Grouping – heterogeneous grouping to promote collaboration and cooperation
Evaluation – Assessments to evaluate individual progress, improvement and mastery
Timing – give students the opportunity to plan and make schedules for completing their assessments and studying at optimal rates
Mistakes are proof that you’re trying!
We need to change the stigma about failure and use all opportunities to demonstrate that failure is just as important in the learning process as getting something right. (procrastination- the fear of failure to achieve your goal)
Do mastery goals increase pressure or decrease pressure? Write yes or no on your card-be prepared to give a 15-30 second explanation.
Mistakes are proof that you’re trying!
We need to change the stigma about failure and use all opportunities to demonstrate that failure is just as important in the learning process as getting something right. (procrastination- the fear of failure to achieve your goal)
Do mastery goals increase pressure or decrease pressure? Write yes or no on your card-be prepared to give a 15-30 second explanation.
References
Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of
goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American
Psychologist, 57, 705-717
Schunk, D. H., Meece, J. L. & Pintrich, P. R. (2013). (Eds.). Motivation in
education: Theory, research and applications (4th ed.). [Excerpt:
Chapter 5.] Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. JUST USE
THIS AS BACKGROUND INFO ON GOALS. READ THE INTERESTING
PARTS.
Ames, C., & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the
classroom:Students' learning strategies and motivation processes.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 260-267.