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N405-LC#3-Margaret Newman
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Margaret Newman:
Health As Expanding Consciousness
Presented by Learning Circle #3:
Carmynn Bates, Carrie Hernandez, Catherine Dean and Christina Staiger
Summary
Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness was stimulated by concern for those whom health as the absence of the disease or disability is not possible. This approach includes the health of all persons, regardless of the lack or presence of the disease. This theory also indicates that every person in every situation is a part of the universal process of expanding consciousness. Expanding consciousness is described as a process of becoming more of oneself or finding more significant meaning in life, and reaching new dimensions of connectedness with other people and the world.
(Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017)
Summary
Concepts:
Health: A progressive single pattern of a persons interactions with the environment, including disease patterns. Newman believed health is a development of broadening ones consciousness (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017, p. 188-189)
Consciousness: A changing pattern demonstrated by the informational capacity of an entirety by their interactions with cognitive awareness and their connectedness to a whole living system (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017, p. 188)
Pattern: According to Newman, a person is identified by their pattern. The pattern is constantly changing allowing them to develop a wholeness. Expanding consciousness helps to recognize the patterns. (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017, p. 187-188)
Sub concepts/Assumptions:
Newman believed Health as an Expansion of consciousness is derived around six assumptions:
Sub concepts/Assumptions:
I. Conditions once viewed as pathology are now termed Health.
II. The pathological condition may be looked at as a manifestation of the pattern/individual.
III. The pattern of the person exists prior to changes and manifests itself as pathology.
IV. Eradicating the pathology does not alter the pattern.
V. A persons pattern may only become noticeable via illness and if so then that is considered health for the individual.
VI. Health/Illness can allow patterns to expand consciously.
(Macharia et. al, 2015, p. 7)
Biography
Margaret Newman was born on October 10, 1933, in Memphis, Tennesee. Margaret received her baccalaureate of nursing in 1962, and a Master of Medical-Surgical Nursing in 1964 from the University of California. Margaret was the director of nursing and assistant professor of the University of Tennessee from 1967-1971. Margaret also received her doctorate in Nursing in 1971 from New York University and was a professor from 1971-1977. In 1977, Margaret became the professor-in-charge of graduate studies at the University of Penn State. In 1984, Margaret began working as a nurse theorist at the University of Minnesota and retired from nursing in 1996.
(Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2017)
GENERALIZABILITY
Applicable Settings and Specialties:
Newman's theory is applicable to all settings and specialties of nursing. It is widely used throughout the world, especially in Eastern cultures.
(Endo, 2017)
Applicable to other disciplines:
Margaret Newman's Theory of health as expanding consciousness is not directly related to nursing as it provides an evolving guide to all health related individuals. The concepts in the theory are broad and can be applied to all aspects of healthcare.
(Endo, 2017)
HISTORICAL INFLUENCES
Childhood
- Born October 10, 1933, Memphis, TN
- Parents ran a tourist home
- Excellent student
- Studied dance and piano
- Shared a love for mathematics and philosophy with her father
- Raised as a Christian Scientist
(Fitne, 1990)
Personal Experiences
- Became interested in the effect of the limitation of movement on time and space, as a result of caring for her mother who suffereed from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Her study and work in rehabilitation furthered her interest in the relationship between movement, space, and time
- Invited to speak at a conference about nursing theory in 1978 which propelled her to develop her nursing theory regarding conciousness
(Fitne, 1990)
THEORETICAL
INFLUENCES
Martha Rogers
Newman credits Marth Rogers as her main inspiration while developing her theory on health as expanding consciousness. Roger’s emphasized that health and illness are not distinctive and should be used as a means to assess and develop a deeper understanding of self.
(Bateman & Merryfeather, 2014, p.58)
Itzhak Bentov
She also recognizes the impact Bentov’s ideas had while creating her theory. Bentov’s work focused on concepts of expanding conciseness.
(Bateman & Merryfeather, 2014, p.58)
Itzhak Bentov
Bohm and Ferguson
Newman also credits the works of Bohm who looks at the result of implicate and explicate order and Ferguson who used pain as a way to assist people in recognizing inherent patterns.
(Bateman & Merryfeather, 2014, p.58)
Bohm and Ferguson
APPLICATION
Applying Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness to psychosocial nursing care of HIV infected patients in Kenya
By: Kamau Simon Macharia, Rotich Rose Jelagat, Mwembe David Juma
Applying Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness ...
According to Macharia, Jelagat and Juma (2015), in their article about using Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness in the care of HIV infected patients in Kenya, nurses must learn to care for their patients holistically and teach them to acknowledge and accept their disease. Expanding consciousness is obtained when the individual acknowledges and accepts their pattern in life and realizes that both health and illness are both manifestations of a greater whole. One Kenyan woman spoke about how she was able to find a greater meaning in life by becoming more connected to the world and people in it after she experienced care that utilized Newman's theory.
(Macharia et al., 2015)
According to Macharia, Jelagat and Juma (2015), in their artic...
Health as Expanding Consciousness: Pattern Recognition and Incarcerated Mothers, a Transforming Experience
Health as Expanding Consciousness: Pattern Recognition and Incarcerat...
By Margaret Oot Hayes and Dorothy Jones
In the article written by Margaret Oot Hayes a...
In the article written by Margaret Oot Hayes and Dorothy Jones (2008), they looked at the impact of the relationship between incarcerated mothers and the nurses using Marget Newman’s theory on health as expanding consciousness. The nurses were able to use the time during the women’s incarceration to help establish patterns of behavior based on past experinecs and build a trusting relationship between the nurses and inmates. As a result, the women were able to identify risk-factors for their actions and seek the treatment and support needed to break the cycle of criminal behavior.
(Hayes & Jones, 2008)
Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness: A Personal Evolotion
Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness:...
Written By: Gina C. Bateman and Lynn Merryfeather
In summary, this article gives information on Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness from a nurse's perspective. This article explains the importance for nurses to be present and attend to different circumstances which may exist in our client's lives. The goal of nursing from Newman's theory is to guide clients so they may know themselves on an intimate level and gain new insights which support evolution. This purpose is attained from developing an authentic relationship between the nurse and the client that is fostered by the involvement of the nurse. From what Newman explained, it is the nurse's presence and unconditional regard which promotes a therapeutic environment for the client and improves overall health.
In summary, this article gives information on Margaret Newman...
(Bateman & Merryfeather, 2014)
Peer Reviewed
Articles
CINAHL
- A search for "Margaret Newman" produced 39 peer reviewed results in the CINAHL database.
- A search for "Health as Expanding Conciousness" produced 98 peer reviewed results in the CINAHL database.