Bio

The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract; and, in fact, digestion starts here when taking the first bite of food. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily digested, while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use.

Located in your throat near your trachea (windpipe), the esophagus receives food from your mouth when you swallow. By means of a series of muscular contractions called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to your stomach.

Esophagus

The stomach is a hollow organ, or "container," that holds food while it is being mixed with enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food into a usable form. Cells in the lining of the stomach secrete a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown process. When the contents of the stomach are sufficiently processed, they are released into the small intestine.

STOMACH

The liver has multiple functions, but its main function within the digestive system is to process the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine. Bile from the liver secreted into the small intestine also plays an important role in digesting fat. In addition, the liver is the body's chemical "factory." It takes the raw materials absorbed by the intestine and makes all the various chemicals the body needs to function. The liver also detoxifies potentially harmful chemicals. It breaks down and secretes many drugs.

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile, and then releases it into the duodenum to help absorb and digest fats.

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum, the first segment of the small intestine. These enzymes break down protein, fats, and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes insulin, secreting it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief hormone for metabolizing sugar

Difference between illness, sickness and disease

illness refers to:

sickness refers to:

disease refers to:

• It means "disease." It is generally used to refer to a common disease or a state of health. He also usually uses it to express that we feel "indisposed" (dizziness, nausea, etc.).

• It means "illness", "ailment". It is usually used to express a temporary ache or pain (such as a backache, headache, etc.), usually of small intensity.
• It is usually used to refer to the concept of "disease" in general terms.
• It is also used to refer to madness or mental illness

• It means "disease", "affection". It has as common sense the disease, often related to a viral or bacterial infection (such as an epidemic or contagious disease). It can include people, animals or plants.
• Usually used when specifying a part of the body:"Sick" = infected

Mouth Cancer

Mouth cancer, or oral cancer, can occur anywhere in the mouth, on the surface of the tongue, the lips, inside the cheek, in the gums, in the roof and floor of the mouth, in the tonsils, and in the salivary glands.

It is a type of head and neck cancer and is often treated similarly to other head and neck cancers.

Risk Factors

Tobacco and alcohol use are prominent risk factors for mouth cancer.

Smokers are three times more likely than nonsmokers to develop mouth cancer, and people who smoke and drink alcohol have up to 30 times higher risk than those who do not smoke and drink.

Other risk factors include:

• Ultraviolet exposure on the lips, from the sun, sunlamps, or sunbeds

• A diet rich in red meat, processed meat, and fried foods

• Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), a digestive condition where acid from the stomach leaks back up to the gullet

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

When stomach acid backs up into your esophagus — a condition called acid reflux — you may feel a burning pain in the middle of your chest. It often occurs after meals or at night, says Neville Bamji, MD, a clinical instructor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and a gastroenterologist with New York Gastroenterology Associates.

While it’s common for people to experience acid reflux and heartburn once in a while, having symptoms that affect your daily life or occur at least twice each week could be a sign of GERD, a chronic digestive disease that affects 20 percent of Americans, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Treatment

Most people find relief by avoiding the foods and beverages that trigger their symptoms and/or by taking over-the-counter antacids or other medications that reduce stomach acid production and inflammation of the esophagus. But some cases of GERD require stronger treatment, such as medication or surgery.

Vomiting

The most common causes of vomiting in children are viral infections and food poisoning. However, vomiting can also be caused by:

+ severe motion sickness

+ coughing

+ high fevers

+ overeating

In very young infants, blocked intestines can also cause persistent vomiting. The intestines may become blocked by abnormal muscular thickening, hernia, gallstones, or tumors. This is uncommon, but should be investigated if unexplained vomiting occurs in an infant.

NAFLD & NASH

Usually, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are silent diseases with few or no symptoms. You may not have symptoms even if you develop cirrhosis due to NASH.

NAFLD & NASH

You are more likely to develop NAFLD—either simple fatty liver or NASH—if you

+ are overweight or obese

+ have insulin resistance

+ have abnormal levels of fats in your blood, which may include

+ high levels of triglycerides

+ abnormal levels of cholesterol—high total cholesterol, high + LDL cholesterol, or low HDL cholesterol

+ have metabolic syndrome or one or more traits of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a group of traits and medical conditions linked to overweight and obesity. People with metabolic syndrome are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Experts think NAFLD may be closely linked to metabolic syndrome.

Gallstones

Gallstones are hard deposits that form in your gallbladder — a small, pear-shaped sack that stores and secretes bile for digestion. More than 25 million people in the United States have gallstones, with nearly one million new cases of gallstone disease diagnosed every year — approximately one-quarter of which require treatment, according to the American Gastroenterological Association. Gallstones can form when there’s too much cholesterol or waste in your bile, or if your gallbladder doesn’t empty properly.

When gallstones block the ducts leading from your gallbladder to your intestines, they can cause sharp pain in your upper-right abdomen. Medications sometimes dissolve gallstones, but if that doesn’t work, the next step is surgery to remove the gallbladder.

Comparing two menus

Menu: Big Box 3 Ke-Tiras

What it is made of:

• Mashed potatoe (120 cal)

• Salad (170 cal)

• Honey-flavored bisquet (180 cal)

• A medium soda glass (198 cal)

• 3 Ke-Tiras (386 cal)

Calories: 1054 calories

Is it healthy? No, because it has a lot of calories, almost the half of recommended intake

Menu: Chickpea and Veggie Salad

What it is made of:

• Various mixed greens (18.2 cal)

• Tomato (30 cal)

• Rinsed chickpeas (140 cal)

Almonds (53.9 cal)

Calories: 241 calories

Is it healthy? Yes, because it contains a lot of fruits and vegetable and therefore less calories.

School - House Meal Comparison

Roy

Meal: Fried Potatoes (120 gr)

Brand of Potatoes: Natural

potatoes

Calories: 328 kcal

Is it healthy? Yes, because it has natural potatoes

Meal: Fried Potatoes (120 gr)

Brand of Potatoes: Average on

different pre-fried potatoes

brands

• McCain Crinkle Cut Fries

• Selecto brand potatoes

Calories: 531 kcal average

Is it healthy? No, because it uses pre-made fries.

HOME

SCHOOL

Adrian

Meal: 4 tacos of barbecue

Ingredients:

• Torilla
• Barbecue
• Lemon

Calories: 784 kcal

Is it healthy? Yes, because it has all the sections of the plate of good eating

Meal: 8 Chicken Nuggets

Brand of Nuggets: Average on

different pre-fried nuggets

brands

• Tyson
• Maheso

Calories: 2072 kcal average

Is it healthy? No, because it uses pre-made nuggets.

HOME

SCHOOL

Leo

HOME

Meal: Enchiladas Suizas

Ingredients:

• Torilla
• Chicken
• Sauce
• Cheese

Calories: 238 kcal

Is it healthy? Yes, although it also has carbohydrates, it brings many good things to the body and is a complete meal

Meal: Tostitos

Ingredients:

• Tostitos

Calories: 290 kcal average

Is it healthy? It is not healthy because it has a lot of carbohydrates and fats and does not contribute anything good to the body

SCHOOL

Andrea

Meal: Chicken Vegetable Soup

Ingredients:

• Chicken
• Vegetables that

you want

Calories: 162 kcal

Is it healthy? Yes, because it has a lot of vegetables and chicken

Meal: 2 Molletes

Ingredients:

• Cheese
• Beans
• Bread

Calories: 712 kcal average

Is it healthy? No, because it has a lot of calories and cheese

HOME

SCHOOL

Elizabeth

HOME

Meal: Crispy Chicken Thighs with White Beans

Ingredients:

• Chicken
• Vegetables that

you want

• Beans

Calories: 521 kcal

Is it healthy? Yes, I think that this meal is healthy because it combined all the groups, so it must give me the sufficient nutrients and energy.

Meal: Chokis cookies

Calories: 320 kcal average

Is it healthy? I think it is not healthy because even these “meal” has less calories that the one I eat at home it doesn’t give me the sufficient nutrients to be healthy.

SCHOOL

Javier

HOME

SCHOOL

Meal: Cheese Sandwich

Ingredients:

• Bread
• Ham
• Manchego cheese
• Mayonanaise

Calories: 234 kcal

Is it healthy? Because of the mayonnaise and the cheese I thought that it will has equal calories but it was not. My sandwich is healthier.

Meal: French Fries

Ingredients:

• Cheese
• Bacon
• French Fries

Calories: 353 kcal average

Is it healthy? I always knew that it was unhealthy because, first of all, the cheese is not real cheese. It has a lot of calories.

Introduction

Nowadays the teenagers have a lot of problems related to their weight, this is because of all the technology we have, we keep comparing ourselves with the rest of the people, creating bad ideas in our heads about how we should be, what to use and what to do. This problem is more common in girls of all ages, and it can cause more problems such as bulimia, anorexia , depression, etc. So even thought we need to take care of our weight we should do it in a good way and not to please others.

Brief summary of the study case

The case study is about two girls that are at the mall shopping and one of them does not fit on the jeans of her size, but anyway decided to buy them because she is pretty sure that she will lose weight. Then they decided to eat something "light" at the food court, but each one ordered 2 slices of pizza, salad and soda, then they talked about the metabolism and how in one of the friends it is super fast and the one of the jeans friends is slower, so they both decided to walk trough the mall to lose calories. At the end they went to a party and ate a lot of bad food.

Defining Terms

• Carbohydrates: any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (such as sugars, starches, and cellulose) most of which are formed by green plants and which constitute a major class of animal foods
• Proteins: any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (such as phosphorus or iron), and include many essential biological compounds (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies
• Animal and vegetable fats: any fat obtained from animals, a fat of vegetable origin that is obtained naturally from plants or by hydrogenation of a vegetable oil.
• Saturated fats: are simply fat molecules that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules.

Defining Terms

• Trans fats: there are two broad types of trans fats found in foods: naturally-occurring and artificial trans fats. Naturally-occurring trans fats are produced in the gut of some animals and foods made from these animals (e.g., milk and meat products) may contain small quantities of these fats. Artificial trans fats (or trans fatty acids) are created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid vegetable oils to make them more solid.
• Cholesterol: a steroid alcohol that is present in animal cells and body fluids, regulates membrane fluidity, and functions as a precursor molecule in various metabolic pathways and as a constituent of LDL may cause atherosclerosis

Relationship between units

Kilojoules (kJ), and calories (kcal), are both units that measure energy. A kilocalorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. The ““calorie”” we refer to in food is actually kilocalorie. One (1) kilocalorie is the same as one (1) Calorie

Amount of calories in the food consumed by the girls

Adriana consumed 83.5g and Melissa consumed 47.7g

Did they burned the calories?

No, the exercise they did was not enough to burn the calories

Conclusion

We can conclude that eating a lot and then doing exerciser it is not the best thing to do, we should have a regulated diet and eat just what we need, because if we eat a lot just because our friends do it, we are going to end with several problems, because all of the bodies are different. We should know our body and how does our metabolism works, so we can decide how much to eat and what to eat, this in order to be healthy. But also is very important that we do not compare our selves with other people.