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Gender Inequality

Lauren Houseman

Updated April 16, 2020

Transcript

The History of Women's Rights

Group 17

1920

1994

Intro

Why Women's Rights?

Contributions

Alicia Wixon: Women's Rights in the World

Austin Jablonski: Women in Combat

Cooper Jewett: Title IX

Lauren Houseman: Glass Ceiling, MeToo

Logan Smothers: Women Get the Right to Vote, Susan B Anthony

Mia Vinci: The Violence Against Women Act

Mshayia Carter: Hillary Clinton

Nate Thomas: Women Get the Right to Vote in Wyoming

Nicole Hruby: Equal Pay Act

Noah Starfursky: The 19th Ammendment

Women are oppressed all over the world. The rights that we have as women today in the United States are a privilege that many women don't have.

Bryan Stevenson said that we need to get close to topics in order to understand them and make a difference.

By looking at these historical events in detail, we can see how change was made and make even more progress in the future.

Nate

Women get the right to vote in Wyoming

Wyoming became the first territory in the United States to let women vote. They were not admitted into the Union until 1890.

Louisa Ann Swan of Laramie was the first woman to vote in a general election when she submitted her ballot on September 6, 1970.

Congress would not let Wyoming enter the Union unless they rescinded the right to vote for women, so Wyoming declined their offer. Their response: “We will remain out of the Union one hundred years rather than come in without the women.”

Congress gave in and accepted Wyoming. They became the first official state in the Union allowing women the right to vote.

1869

Susan B. Anthony (Logan)

Susan B. Anthony

Susan B. Anthony was an American writer, lecturer and abolitionist who was a leading figure in the women's voting rights movement. Raised in a Quaker household, Anthony went on to work as a teacher. She later partnered with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and would eventually lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association.

In 1869, Anthony and Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association. Anthony was tireless in her efforts, giving speeches around the country to convince others to support a woman's right to vote.

She even took matters into her own hands in 1872, when she voted illegally in the presidential election. Anthony was arrested for the crime, and she unsuccessfully fought the charges; she was fined $100, which she never paid.

Works Cited

https://www.biography.com/activist/susan-b-anthony

Works Cited

Women Get the Right to Vote

Logan

The women’s suffrage movement was a decades-long fight to win the right to vote for women in the United States. It took activists and reformers nearly 100 years to win that right, and the campaign was not easy: Disagreements over strategy threatened to cripple the movement more than once.

But on August 18, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the Constitution was finally ratified, enfranchising all American women and declaring for the first time that they, like men, deserve all the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.

Women's Rights in the World in 1920 (Alicia)

Women's Rights in the World in 1920

When passed in 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. Surprisingly, some women did not want the vote. A widespread attitude was that women’s roles and men’s roles did not overlap. This idea of “separate spheres” held that women should concern themselves with home, children, and religion, while men took care of business and politics. North Carolina opponents of woman suffrage, or voting, claimed that “women are not the equal of men mentally” and being able to vote “would take them out of their proper sphere of life.”

Though slow to use their newly won voting rights, by the end of the decade, women were represented on local, state, and national political committees and were influencing the political agenda of the federal government. More emphasis began to be put on social improvement, such as protective laws for child labor and prison reform. Women active in politics in 1929 still had little power, but they had begun the journey to actual political equality.

The 19th Amendment

(Noah)

On June 4th of 1919, Congress passed what would become the 19th amendment to the U.S. constitution.

This amendment's main purpose was to finally give women in the U.S. the right to vote.

19th amendment

This had been a long time coming though. The main driving force behind this was the women's suffrage movement which started in the mid 1800s. But there has been many groups fighting for this cause as early as before the Civil War. So this amendment ended almost a century long protest.

This also came on the heels of a lot of change for women in american society. Also around this time women began to gain more and more ground. They had began to work more, obtain better educations so they would be able to do more than ever before, and many states had already began to get behind women's suffrage.

Society's view

While many people in society viewed this as good and a step in the right direction, there were people who opposed this movement, mainly stemming from the southern states.

Many men still believed women belonged in the house taking care of the kids and basically being a servant to their husbands.

It wasn't just men though, some women also thought that this movement was wrong and that the men were right about the women. These women were usually in the upper class of society. They believed this would "upset" balance and it was violating the role of a woman and their "womanhood"

The most known of these women were Kate Douglas Wiggin, Josephine Jewell Dodge, and Mrs. William Force Scott.

Lasting effects

This amendment was a very big stepping stone in the movement for women's rights.

This amendment that gave women the right to vote for representation not only gave them a real voice in the nations government system, but it also showed all the people trying to keep women from becoming equal that they couldn't and wouldn't be stopped.

The passing of this amendment brought way to many changes that would change the life of women in America forever. Many of these like: the federal disregard of the Comstock Law of 1873 which was put in place to make it illegal to send contraception and any information about it through the mail, the adoption of birth control as a regular medication, and the FDA approving the use of the birth control pill which effectively allowed women and couples to plan when they would have children would make life as a women much much different and allow them to be more than a house wife.

Citations

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-passes-the-19th-amendment

https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/19th-amendment-1

https://www.npr.org/sections/npr-history-dept/2015/10/22/450221328/american-women-who-were-anti-suffragettes

https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/news/2013/08/26/72988/womens-equality-day-celebrating-the-19th-amendments-impact-on-reproductive-health-and-rights/

https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/the-fight-for-womens-suffrage

Equal Pay Act

Notable Supporters

Eleanor Roosevelt
Esther Peterson
Head of the Women's Bureau of the Department of Labor
Katharine St. George
Congresswoman
Edith Green
Congresswoman

Nicole Hruby

Interest started from the women who had to replace men in factories during WWII

President John F Kennedy signed this act in 1963 after there was a failed attempt to pass the act in 1945

Employers could not pay men and women different wages or offer different benefits for the same work

Guidelines for unequal pay include

merit
seniority
quality or quantity of production
other factors not determined by gender

1963

Pay Equality Around the World

Successful Examples

Iceland: The employer is accountable for justifying their wage differences to the government
France: Companies must provide reports and get scored based on their wage gaps that aren't based on performance. They are given a fine if they do not meet the requirements after three years
Switzerland: Companies that want public contracts how to show that they pay men and women equally
Sweden: Companies have to do wage audits to make sure they're following wage guidelines

Pay Equality Around the World

The World Bank conducted a study that showed that only 6 countries around the world have laws that treat men and women equally

Belgium
Denmark
France
Latvia
Luxembourg
Sweden

Most countries that have equal pay laws still have gender wage gaps, like the US and UK

The US pays women approximately 77 cents for every 1 dollar a man makes at the same job working at the same level

Video

Citations

History.com Editors. (2017, November 30). Equal Pay Act. Retrieved from https://www.history.com/topics/womens-rights/equal-pay-act

Rubery, P. J. (2019, February 22). Is equal pay actually possible? Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47212342

Schmidt, S. (2019, March 2). Only 6 countries give women the same work rights as men. The U.S. isn't one of them. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2019/03/02/only-countries-give-women-same-work-rights-men-us-isnt-one-them/

UN Women. (n.d.). Equal pay for work of equal value. Retrieved from https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/csw61/equal-pay

Title IX-cooper

- Richard Nixon signed the Title lX bill on June 23rd, 1972

- The law originally just allowed women to be taught the same as men as well as compete in sports at all levels just like men

1972

The Glass Ceiling

Lauren

The glass ceiling is a metaphor used to describe the invisible barrier that prevents certain demographics from reaching a certain level in hierarchy.

The term started in the 1980s when talking about women in high corporate positions who could not attain a higher position to success and money because of their gender. Although this term started in the early 1980s the glass ceiling is still used today and seen in many positions. Many women do not realize when she has experienced it until she has "hit" the barrier.

According to a survey from Reuters, 95% of American workers believe that women have made important advances in the workplace, but 86% believe is not yet broken, but nearly cracked. (https://www.thoughtco.com/glass-ceiling-for-women-definition-3530823)

Around the globe, the glass ceiling can be seen in many ways. In parts of the world such as the Middle East and South Asia, education and other resources are kept from women from becoming productive members of society. This type of glass ceiling is at another level of its own and much thicker than America.

1986

1994

The Violence Against Women Act

Mia Vinci

The Violence Against Women Act was signed by Bill Clinton

This act sought to service domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault and stalking in the United States.

President Obama renewed the Act in 2013 that extended it to lesbians, gays, and Native Americans

Updated News

Following the government shutdown in 2018, the Violence against Women act expired

WHO - Violence against women: Strengthening the health system response

(WHO) Video

Citations

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc_GHITvTmI

https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2017-01-20/timeline-the-womens-rights-movement-in-the-us

https://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/womens-history-us-timeline

#MeToo

Lauren

Millions of women in the workforce have experienced abuse, disrespect and lost opportunities at the hands of powerful and privileged men that they worked with.

The #Metoo Movement was founded in 2006 to help black women and young women who have previously been sexually assaulted. Since then, this movement has empowered women all around the globe to speak up and take head on their abusers. This has become a HUGE mark in women's inequality because of the wide spread noise that this has created.

This movement has created programs to help survivors as well as a following to stand by women and stop the mistreatment.

2006

Women in combat

2013

-After years of proving themselves on the battlefield and in the military, women were finally allowed to fill combat roles Jan. 24, 2013.

-This ended the ban of women in such a role that was placed in 1994. It was lifted by at-the-time secretary of defense, Leon Panetta.

2013

Hillary Clinton

Mshayia Carter

She spoke on a panel for International Women's Day and stressed that Gender Inequality remains the great unfinished business of the 21st century.

Hillary continued to focus on women’s rights by launching the “No Ceilings” initiative with the Clinton Foundation and other partners, including the Gates Foundation

When campaigning for the election of president, gender emerged as one of her biggest selling points.
Hillary had a history of fighting for women and girls; from becoming an advocate for the children's Defense Fund to making Women's Rights a cornerstone of U.S foreign policy.

First female to win the Presidential nomination from one of the two major parties

2016