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Theories of Intelligence

Presented by Erin Campbell and Mackenzie Corso

Our Theory of Intelligence

Louis Thurstone

Primary Mental Abilities

Louis Thurstone

  • Verbal Compression
  • Reasoning
  • Perpetual speed
  • Numerical ability
  • Word fluency
  • Associative memory
  • Spatial Visualization

Alfred Binet

Alfred Binet

  • wanted to come up with way that students could get special attention if needed
  • goal: measure child’s mental age
  • didn't make assumptions to why the child was slow, average, or advanced
  • environmental explanations
  • thought slower children could be helped with “mental orthopedics” to develop their attention span and self-discipline
  • hoped his test would be used to improve children’s education
  • feared it would be used to label children and limit their opportunities

Lewis Terman

-believed intelligence test revealed the intelligence a person was born with

-promoted widespread intelligence testing

-hoped that the intelligence test would reduce feeble minded people to reproduce and end lots of crime, poverty, and inefficiency

-created immigrant tests, unfair disadvantage, made immigrants inferior

Lewis Terman

David Weschler

-created the most widely used individual intelligence test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

-includes similarities, vocabulary, block design, letter-number sequencing

-scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed

-provide clues to cognitive strength and weaknesses that teacher and therapists can use

Charles Spearman

-believed we have one general intelligence (g) and that people had special abilities

-found that one who scored high in one area typically scored higher than average in other areas

-Thurston identified seven clusters or primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory

-gave 56 different tests to other people and found those who excelled in one of the seven clusters generally scored well on others … there was evidence of general intelligence

Howard Gardner

Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Howard Gardner

  • Linguistic- Word smart
  • Logical-mathematical- Number/reasoning smart
  • Spatial Intelligence- Picture smart
  • Bodily-Kinesthetic- Body smart
  • Musical Intelligence - Music smart
  • Interpersonal Intelligence- People smart
  • Intrapersonal Intelligence- Self smart
  • Naturalist Intelligence- Nature smart

Robert Sternberg

Triarchic Theory

Robert Sternberg

Analytical

Analytical

  • Metacomponents
  • Performance
  • Knowledge Aqusition
  • Problem Solving Ablilities

Creative

Creative

  • Navelty
  • Automation
  • Your capacity to deal with new situations using past experiences and current skills

Practical

Practical

  • Adaption
  • Selection
  • Shaping
  • Ability to adapt to a chaning enviroment

Daniel Goleman

Emotional Intelligence

Daniel Goleman

Self Awareness

  • One’s strengths
  • Weaknesses
  • Goals and drives
  • Values

Self Awareness

Self Regulation

  • Controlling one’s emotion
  • Anticipating consequences because acting on impulse

Self Regulation

Social Skill

  • Managing relationships
  • Inspiring others

Social Skill

Empathy

  • Sensing the emotions of others

Empathy

Motivation

  • Utilizing emotional factors to achieve goals
  • Enjoying the learning process
  • Preserve in the face of obstacles
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