Theories of Intelligence
Presented by Erin Campbell and Mackenzie Corso
Our Theory of Intelligence
Louis Thurstone
Louis Thurstone
- Verbal Compression
- Reasoning
- Perpetual speed
- Numerical ability
- Word fluency
- Associative memory
- Spatial Visualization
Alfred Binet
Alfred Binet
- wanted to come up with way that students could get special attention if needed
- goal: measure child’s mental age
- didn't make assumptions to why the child was slow, average, or advanced
- environmental explanations
- thought slower children could be helped with “mental orthopedics” to develop their attention span and self-discipline
- hoped his test would be used to improve children’s education
- feared it would be used to label children and limit their opportunities
Lewis Terman
-believed intelligence test revealed the intelligence a person was born with
-promoted widespread intelligence testing
-hoped that the intelligence test would reduce feeble minded people to reproduce and end lots of crime, poverty, and inefficiency
-created immigrant tests, unfair disadvantage, made immigrants inferior
Lewis Terman
David Weschler
-created the most widely used individual intelligence test, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
-includes similarities, vocabulary, block design, letter-number sequencing
-scores for verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed
-provide clues to cognitive strength and weaknesses that teacher and therapists can use
Charles Spearman
-believed we have one general intelligence (g) and that people had special abilities
-found that one who scored high in one area typically scored higher than average in other areas
-Thurston identified seven clusters or primary mental abilities (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory
-gave 56 different tests to other people and found those who excelled in one of the seven clusters generally scored well on others … there was evidence of general intelligence
Howard Gardner
Theory of Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner
- Linguistic- Word smart
- Logical-mathematical- Number/reasoning smart
- Spatial Intelligence- Picture smart
- Bodily-Kinesthetic- Body smart
- Musical Intelligence - Music smart
- Interpersonal Intelligence- People smart
- Intrapersonal Intelligence- Self smart
- Naturalist Intelligence- Nature smart
Robert Sternberg
Robert Sternberg
Analytical
Analytical
- Metacomponents
- Performance
- Knowledge Aqusition
- Problem Solving Ablilities
Creative
Creative
- Navelty
- Automation
- Your capacity to deal with new situations using past experiences and current skills
Practical
Practical
- Adaption
- Selection
- Shaping
- Ability to adapt to a chaning enviroment
Daniel Goleman
Daniel Goleman
Self Awareness
- One’s strengths
- Weaknesses
- Goals and drives
- Values
Self Awareness
Self Regulation
- Controlling one’s emotion
- Anticipating consequences because acting on impulse
Self Regulation
Social Skill
- Managing relationships
- Inspiring others
Social Skill
Empathy
- Sensing the emotions of others
Empathy
Motivation
- Utilizing emotional factors to achieve goals
- Enjoying the learning process
- Preserve in the face of obstacles