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UTS: Sexual Self
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UNDERSTANDING THE SELF: UNPACKING THE SELF
THE SEXUAL SELF
Ma. Raym Kayleigh Trabajo
THE SEXUAL SELF
It refers to how one thinks about themself as a sexual individual. It speaks of your sexual health, sexual orientation, gender identity, and expression and values around your sexuality.
The Sexual Self
“Sex” refers to the physical differences between people who are male, female, or intersex. A person typically has their sex assigned at birth based on physiological characteristics, including their genitalia and chromosome composition.
SEX
Sex is biological. It is classified as male, female, or intersex where there are reproductive differences based on genitalia, chromosomes, and hormones.
A person typically has their sex assigned at birth based on physiological characteristics, including their genitalia and chromosome composition.
SEX
GENDER
It is a term that refers to social or cultural distinctions associated with a given sex. It is generally considered to be a socially constructed concept.
GENDER
GENDER IDENTITY
GENDER IDENTITY
Gender identity is what is inside us; it’s how we feel about our own gender.
BINARY VS NON-BINARY
Gender identity is what is inside us; it’s how we feel about our own gender.
We may have been taught that male and female are the only gender identities. This is the ‘binary’ view of gender. But actually, there are many different understandings of gender.
BINARY
How much do you feel like a man, a woman, or something else? This is your gender identity. This is a spectrum, because you could feel a little like a man, a lot like a woman, and maybe also a bit like something else. Or you could feel like none of these. That would make you agender, meaning that you don’t feel any of these gender identities fit you.
That’s okay, too!
If you don’t identify exclusively with being a male or a female, and instead feel like you fit somewhere between the two, you might identify with being ‘non-binary’. Many cultures have broader ideas around gender than just ‘male’ or ‘female’, and have done so for a very long time.
CISGENDER
TRANSGENDER
It is used to describe a person whose gender identity and gender expression align with sex assigned at birth.
This is the umbrella term used to describe the full range of people whose gender identity and/or gender role do not conform to what is typically associated with their sex assigned at birth. This includes persons who do not feel they fit into a dichotomous sex structure through which they are identified as male or female. Individuals in this category may feel as if they are in the wrong gender, but this perception may or may not correlate with a desire for surgical or hormonal reassignment.
CISGENDER
SEX VS GENDER
SEXUALITY
Our sex, which is physical – male or female – is distinct from our gender, which is psychological and social. What this means is that some of us have a gender which is different from our sex. We may be male physically, but identify or feel more comfortable thinking of ourselves as a female.
SEXUALITY
Your sexuality is about who you are attracted to, sexually and romantically. This is also called your sexual orientation where one’s physical attraction and emotional attraction overlap.
Physical attraction refers to the characteristics of a person that might make you physically or sexually attracted to them.
Emotional attraction relates to the characteristics of a person that might make you emotionally or romantically attracted to them.
Both physical and emotional attraction can also come from a lot of other places, like someone’s personality or even the things you have in common, or can come from a variety of factors, including someone’s gender identity, gender expression, or the sex they were assigned at birth.
SEXUAL DIVERSITY
Sex and gender are often thought of as binary categories: that is, we can be either male or female, or feminine or masculine. However, with regard to their social implications, sex and gender are spectrums that encompass large areas that we may not even be aware of.
SEXUALITY
Some people might be attracted to the same gender as them (gay and lesbians), and others might be attracted to people of the opposite gender (straight ).
Attraction is presented as a spectrum because some people (like bisexuals or pansexuals) are attracted to multiple genders, and could be attracted to different genders in different ways, or to one gender more than another.
Many people find that these labels don’t fully explain their attractions. Some of these people might call themselves ‘queer’. Thinking of attraction as a spectrum allows us to fully explore our attractions without boxing them into a category that might not feel quite right.
Some people don’t feel any kind of physical attraction to other people, and that’s called being asexual. Similarly, aromantic describes those who don’t feel emotional attraction to people.
TYPES OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
There are a lot of recognized sexual orientations. Some may be familiar, some may sound foreign to us, regardless of what gender or sexual orientation you identify as, it is important to take into account that not everyone identifies the same as us, that each of these are valid and that we should respect each and every individual who identifies differently as others.
Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud proposed that personality development in childhood takes place during five psychosexual stages. During each stage libido is expressed in different ways and through different parts of the body.
Stages of Psychosexual Development
ORAL
(Birth to 1 year)
ORAL
In the first stage of psychosexual development, the libido is centered in a baby's mouth. During the oral stages, the baby gets much satisfaction from putting all sorts of things in its mouth to satisfy the libido, and thus its id demands, such as sucking, biting, and breastfeeding.
Oral stimulation could lead to an oral fixation in later life. We see oral personalities all around us such as smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers. Oral personalities engage in such oral behaviors, particularly when under stress.
ANAL
During this stage the libido becomes focused on the anus, and the child derives great pleasure from defecating. The child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world (i.e., their ego has developed).
(1 to 3 years)
Freud believed that the effect of the Anal Stage of Development can lead to two things:
- Anal-Retentive
- Anal-Expulsive
ANAL
Anal-Retentive Personality
Anal-Expulsive Personality
The anal-expulsive underwent a liberal toilet-training regime during the anal stage.
In adulthood, the anal-expulsive is the person who wants to share things with you. They like giving things away. In essence, they are 'sharing their s**t'!' An anal-expulsive personality is also messy, disorganized and rebellious.
Freud believed that this type of conflict is a result of adults imposing restrictions on when and where the child can defecate, or and early or harsh potty training.
An anal-retentive personality is someone who hates mess, is obsessively tidy, punctual and respectful of authority. They can be stubborn and tight-fisted with their cash and possessions.
PHALLIC
PHALLIC
3 to 6 years
The phallic stage is the third stage of psychosexual development, spanning the ages of three to six years, wherein the infant's libido (desire) centers upon their genitalia as the erogenous zone. The child becomes aware of anatomical sex differences, which sets in motion the conflict between erotic attraction, resentment, rivalry, jealousy and fear which Freud called the Oedipus complex (in boys) and the Electra complex (in girls).
This is resolved through the process of identification, which involves the child adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent.
LATENT
6 years to puberty
The latency stage is the fourth stage of psychosexual development, spanning the period of six years to puberty. During this stage the libido is dormant and no further psychosexual development takes place (latent means hidden).
LATENT
Much of the child's energy is channeled into developing new skills and acquiring new knowledge, and play becomes largely confined to other children of the same gender.
GENITAL
puberty to adult
The genital stage is the last stage of Freud's psychosexual theory of personality development, and begins in puberty. It is a time of adolescent sexual experimentation, the successful resolution of which is settling down in a loving one-to-one relationship with another person in our 20's.
GENITAL
Is Freudian Psychology supported by evidence?
His theory is good at explaining but not at predicting behavior.
Freud's theory is unfalsifiable.
It can neither be proved true or refuted.
The Chemistry
of Love, Lust, and Attachment
The Chemistry of Love, Lust, and Attachment
LOVE - this is a phase which is driven by sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen
ATTRACTION - this phase is said to be one of the beautiful moments of life. This is the phase when a person actually starts to feel love.
ATTACHMENT - is a bond helping the couple to take their relationship to advanced levels. It instigates the feeling of bearing children and falling in love with them wholeheartedly
EMOTIONS
Emotional Intelligence - the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one’s emotions, and to handle interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically
Emotional Self - is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed
Emotional Granularity - an individual’s ability to differentiate between the specificity of their emotions
EMOTIONS
Emotional Regulation - is a complex process that involves initiating, inhabiting, or modulating one’s state or behavior in a given situation
Emotional Expressions - are observable verbal and nonverbal behaviors that communicate an internal emotional or affective state
Modal Model of Emotion:
- Situation - the sequence begins with a situation (real or imagined) that is emotionally relevant
- Attention - is directed towards the emotional situation
- Appraisal - the emotional situation is evaluated and interpreted
- Response - an emotional response is generated, giving rise to loosely coordinated changes in experiential, behavioral and physiological response systems
LUST
ATTRACTION
ATTACHMENT
Testosterone, Estrogen
Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin
Oxytocin, Vasopressin
WHERE DOES THE BRAIN LOVE?
Attraction
While we can certainly lust for someone we are attracted to, and vice versa, one can happen without the other. Attraction involves the brain pathways that control “reward” behavior which partly explains why the first few weeks or months of a relationship can be so exhilarating and even all-consuming.
The hypothalamus releases Dopamine and Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline), hormones that are released when we do things that feel good to us.
Attachment
Attachment is the predominant factor in long-term relationships. While lust and attraction are pretty much exclusive to romantic entanglements, attachment mediates friendships, parent-infant bonding, social cordiality, and many other intimacies as well.