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Columbian Exchange Project: Tobacco
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Tobacco in the Colombian Exchange
Abigail and LillyAnn
Tobacco Origin
Origin and Spread
Originating in the Americas, tobacco leaves were originally used by tribes in South America for sacred and religious ceremonies. One of the first groups (thought to be) to widely use and spread tobacco was the Mayan people. Use of tobacco for smoking/through snuffs was picked up by other tribes and spread.
How/when did tobacco spread to the East?
Expansion of tobacco to the East and the rest of the world
- Colombus' trip in 1492 led to his voyage bringing some tobacco home to Spain.
-Although originally thought of as "barbaric" and "heresy" it eventually became common in Spain and spread to other areas of Europe (England, France, Portugal) by the mid 16th century.
- Tobacco spread to East Asia (Japan, China) around 16th-17th centuries by Portuguese and Spanish sailors.
- The Portuguese spread tobacco to Africa in the 18th century.
Labor and Environment
Labor and the Environment
The relationship between labor and the environment was connected due to tobacco. The more tobacco plantations that needed harvesting and labor, the more damage to the environment.
Tobaccos impact on the Environment
Environment
- More plots of land in the Americas were cleared to plant the seed as tobacco became popular for buying and selling.
-This resulted in deforestation as well as large plots of land being taken from the indigenous people.
-The continued growth of tobacco also resulted in loss of nutrients for the soil.
How did Tobacco impact labor practices?
Labor
-Rapid increase of growth of tobacco in the Americas (particularly the colonies) meant need of labor- the colonies used slaves or indentured servants.
-More tobacco farms and plantations resulted in continued use of the Atlantic Slave Trade.
-Slaves transformed the "golden weed" to a huge cash crop.
-Used slaves over native americans.
Cultural Impacts
Cultural Impacts
-As tobacco spread to Europe through the Colombian exchange, smoking tobacco to get ones "daily dose of tobacco" became very common as people enjoyed smoking and believed it had healing properties.
- In America, some colonies (Maryland, Virginia and others) used tobacco as currency since tobacco plant was so common.
- Tobacco was used (in the colonies) for levies, business transactions, and money.
Profits and Control
Profits and Control
-Tobacco became a hugely popular and profitable cash crop due to the Colombian exchange and the interest of it in the Old world.
-It became a global commodity, was used as a currency, and for medical purposes.
-Although the Spanish and Portuguese were the first to take interest/discover tobacco in the New world, England dominated tobacco trade.
- When England took great interest in tobacco they planted it in the colonies and produced millions of pounds of tobacco-making great profit.
Sources
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894096/
https://tobaccofreelife.org/tobacco/tobacco-history/
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/old-and-new-worlds-collide/a/the-columbian-exchange-ka
https://www.swedish.org/classes-and-resources/smoking-cessation/history-of-tobacco-use-in-america
https://web.stanford.edu/class/e297c/trade_environment/health/htobacco.html
https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1681/tobacco--colonial-american-economy/
https://jyfmuseums.org/learn/learning-center/how-did-tobacco-become-a-cash-crop-for-jamestown/
https://www.corporateaccountability.org/blog/big-tobacco-racist-roots/
https://tobaccofreelife.org/tobacco/tobacco-history/
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199730414/obo-9780199730414-0141.xml