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Public School Immunization Mandates

Chad Quackenbush

LA298: Associate Degree Capstone

Professor Christina Clarke

Excelsior College

April 4, 2021

Research Question

Research Question

How did the United States of America come to accede to an immunization mandate for children in public schools?

Research Question Explanation

Research Question Explanation

Explain your interest in this question and its connection to your education and experiences.

COVID-19 Vaccination

COVID-19 Vaccination

There has been much controversy surrounding the COVID-19 vaccination, including the question raised about whether or not children will need to be vaccinated for school. This has sparked my interest and has made me want to delve deeper into mandated immunizations for children in public school.

Anti Vaxxers

Anti-Vaxxers

Anti-Vaxxers have always intrigued me. I have never understood their thought process. I thought that this would be a great opportunity to conduct research on the topic of vaccinations and why Anti-Vaxxers feel the way they do.

Photo Credit: Justin Tallsi/AFT

Family

Family

Personally, I have family members on both sides of the "mandated immunization" spectrum. Some get vaccinated and believe their children should be vaccinated as well, while others are opposed to all vaccinations and are outraged that their children have to be vaccinated before entering public school. Going forward, I want my conversations on this topic to be based on science and research, as opposed to opinion, which is another reason why I have chosen this topic.

Resources

Resources

School immunization requirements for measles

School Immunization Requirements

This resource will allow me to argue a case on the importance of mandated vaccinations in public schools.

Vanishing vaccinations:

why are so many Americans

opting out of

vaccinating their children?

The resource will allow me to explain why anti vaxxers

feel the way they do and the importance of requiring

more strict and thorough guidelines when it comes to

parents opting their children out of mandated school

vaccinations.

Vanishing Vaccinations

History and Evolution of the Advisory

Committee on Immunization Practices

History and Evolution

This resource will inform me of the history of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, why they are significant, and the role they play with vaccine distribution in the United States.

Fostering Fear

This resource delves into why it’s unethical to not vaccinate yourself and your child, which will allow me to create an argument for immunizations.

Fostering Fear

Jacobson v Massachusetts:

it's not your

great-great-grandfather's

public health law

Jacobson

V

Massachusetts

This resource will allow me to discuss the history of immunizations and how mandated vaccinations were initiated in public schools.

Mandatory school vaccinations: the role of tort law

Mandatory

School

Vaccinations

This resource will allow me to discuss the importance of vaccinations in our schools today and what can be done moving forward.

Religious exemptions to the immunization statutes:

balancing public health and religious freedom

Religious Exemptions

Photo Credit: Jenna Carlesso

This resource will assist me when writing about the exemptions to the immunization statues, as well as ethical issues of mandated vaccinations.

Public health and the politics of school immunization requirements

Public Health

This resource will assist me when writing about the exemptions to the immunization statues, as well as ethical issues of mandated vaccinations.

A global perspective on vaccine safety

A Global Perspective

This article will assist me in my discussion on why ethical issues arise, as well as what “feeds” anti-vaxxers.

Recommendations, Barriers, and

Measures to Improve Compliance: Part 1: Childhood Vaccinations

Immunization

This resource will allow me to argue the pros of mandated immunizations in our schools.

State laws on compulsory immunization in the United States

State Laws

This resource explains the legal aspects of why a vaccination can be mandated, which will allow me to explain why the government has the right to mandate them in schools.

References

References

Calandrillo S. P. (2004). Vanishing vaccinations: why are so many Americans opting out of

vaccinating their children? University of Michigan journal of law reform. University of

Michigan. Law School, 37(2), 353–440.

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (1982). School immunization requirements for

measles--United States, 1982. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 31(6),

65–67.

Ciolli A. (2008). Mandatory school vaccinations: the role of tort law. The Yale journal of biology

and medicine, 81(3), 129–137.

Duclos P. (2004). A global perspective on vaccine safety. Vaccine, 22(15-16), 2059–2063.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.01.010

Jackson C. L. (1969). State laws on compulsory immunization in the United States. Public

health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1896), 84(9), 787–795.

Mariner, W. K., Annas, G. J., & Glantz, L. H. (2005). Jacobson v Massachusetts: it's not your

great-great-grandfather's public health law. American journal of public health, 95(4),

581–590. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.055160

References Continued

References Continued

NOVAK, S. (2018). Fostering Fear. Discover, 39(10), 68–72.

Ross, L. F., & Aspinwall, T. J. (1997). Religious exemptions to the immunization statutes:

balancing public health and religious freedom. The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a

journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 25(2-3), 202–83.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1997.tb01895.x

Salmon, D. A., Sapsin, J. W., Teret, S., Jacobs, R. F., Thompson, J. W., Ryan, K., & Halsey, N.

A. (2005). Public health and the politics of school immunization requirements. American

journal of public health, 95(5), 778–783. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.046193

Smith, J. C., Hinman, A. R., & Pickering, L. K. (2014). History and Evolution of the Advisory

Committee on Immunization Practices — United States, 1964–2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 63(42), 955–958.

Ventola C. L. (2016). Immunization in the United States: Recommendations, Barriers, and

Measures to Improve Compliance: Part 1: Childhood Vaccinations. P & T : a

peer-reviewed journal for formulary management, 41(7), 426–436.

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