PBS Alphabet

Angioplasty with Stent

A

Clue: A medical intervention for the heart

An angioplasty is a procedure used to restore blood flow on the heart, where a tiny balloon with a stent is attached to a thin tube which is threaded into the coronary artery to the blockage area, then the balloon inflates to expand both the stent and artery from it's blockage, finally the balloon is removed from the stent, allowing normal blood flow to return.

Butter

Clue: A food high in lipids

B

18% of butter is made of total fat (lipids). It carries saturated, unsaturated, and trans fat which is both good and bad at the same time. A Sudan 3 Solution is the indicator that indicates the presence of lipids in foods

Coccus

Clue: A bacterial morphology

C

Coccus is a type of bacteria shape which is spherical or round. An example of would be Streptococcus (Strep Throat) which is a chain (Strepto-) of round bacteria (coccus).

Dehydration Synthesis

Clue: The way monomers become polymers

D

Dehydration Synthesis is the process which monomers become polymers. The process begins as two monomers come close together, the monomer with the hydrogen and the other monomer with the hydroxyl group combine and water is released, thus combining the two monomers into a polymer

Exercise

Clue: Something that affects heart rate

E

Exercise is the physical fitness of body that increases heart rate. It increases based on how much exercise you want to do and what type of exercise too, making this change over a short period of time.

Fatigue

Clue: A symptom of diabetes

F

Fatigue is a symptom of diabetes and is caused from hypoglycemia, where too much diabetes medication is used to lower high blood glucose levels tends to go below the normal range or from hyperglycemia, where the cells aren't taking in any glucose, since there isn't any insulin present or the insulin not working effectively

Glucagon

Clue: A hormone

G

Glucagon is a peptide hormone that's works to raise back up low blood sugar levels. The pancreas makes glucagon, which is produced by alpha cells, then travels to the liver to break down the glycogen to glucose, finally the glucose enters the bloodstream to raise back up blood sugar to restore homeostasis

HIPAA

Clue: A law that protects patient privacy

HIPAA, also called Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act is a law that was passed in 1996, that protects an individual's identifiable health information, such as their name, address, social security number, and physical or mental health or conditions.

H

Iodide

Clue: A stain used on bacteria

I

Iodide is a stain used in the Gram Staining process which is added after the crystal violet to create a complex to determine if the dye falls off the cell or not and to differentiate if the cell is Gram- (red) or Gram+ (purple)

Jaundice

Clue: A symptom of sickle cell

J

Jaundice is a yellow tint to the skin or eyes that is a symptom of sickle cell. Since sickle cells don't live as long as normal red blood cells, they die faster than the liver can filter them out. This causes the bilirubin, an orange-yellow substance, from these dying cells to build up in the system

Kidney Disease

Clue: A cause of death that would require an autopsy

K

A person with kidney disease wouldn't die of kidney disease, but of heart disease instead, as their heart would thicken and enlarge which would require an autopsy. An autopsy would be required as two systems would be affected, not knowing if it was just heart disease only or if it included both diseases through internal and external examination of the heart and kidneys.

Left Ventricle

Clue: A chamber of the heart

L

The left ventricle is a chamber in the heart that is filled with oxygenated blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve, which then goes out through aortic valve to the aorta to be transported across the body

Monosaccharide

Clue: A monomer

Monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, which are found in various fruits and sweeteners. What makes it a monomer is that there's no monosaccharides connected and is the building block for carbohydrates, also the mono means 1.

M

Neuropathy

Clue: A complication of diabetes

N

Neuropathy is a complication of diabetes. Diabetes causes this complication due to uncontrolled high blood sugar damaging nerves and interfering with their ability to send signals over time

Obesity

Clue: A risk factor for developing diabetes

O

Obesity is risk factor for developing diabetes. This is a risk factor, because since there's so much excess weight, cells in the body become less sensitive to the insulin released from the pancreas, which greatly increases the risk for developing Type 2 Diabetes.

Pedigree

Clue: A method of tracking or predicting inheritance of disorders

A pedigree is a family tree of inherited traits passed down through a marriage line. Circle represents female and square represents male. By reading what's on the pedigree, we can determine if the traits inherited are dominant, recessive, autosomal, or sex-linked.

P

Quit Smoking

Clue: A lifestyle choice that improves heart health

Q

Quitting to smoke is a lifestyle choice that will improve heart health. Within a few days, quitting smoking decreases the risk of heart attack, lowers coronary heart disease, where as raised blood pressure decreases as well as decreased blood clots.

RNA

Clue: A polymer

R

RNA (ribo nucleic acid) is type of polymer found in the cytoplsam of a cell, what makes this a polymer is that the building block of nucleotides represents a spiral

Stress

Clue: Something that affects bloob pressure

S

Stress is an action that increases blood pressure, which is caused from a surge of hormones produced that increases heart rate and narrows blood vessels making this a short term period.

tRNA

Clue: A molecule involved in protein synthesis

T

Transfer RNA's role is to translate/decode the mRNA sequence into a protein

Ultraviolet Radiation

Clue: A cause of genetic mutations

U

Ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes genetic mutation. Too much exposure from UV rays may lead to a developing risk of skin cancer

Veal

Clue: A food high in protein

V

42% of Veal is made of protein. The building blocks (monomers) of proteins are amino acids. A Biuret reagent indicates the presence of protein in foods

White Blood Cells

Clue: A component of blood

W

In blood, one of the four components consists of white blood cells (also platelets). The purpose of white blood cells are to protect and defend off the body against any foreign substance/invader. White blood cells are found throughout the body, including the lymphatic system.

Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Clue: A recessive genetic disorder

X

Xeroderma Pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder where the person is highly sensitive to sunlight, has premature skin ageing, and is prone to developing skin cancers. This disorder is found on several different chromosomes that are altered, which are Chromosome 11,19,2,16,13,9, and 3.

Y-Incision

Clue: A step of an autopsy

Y

The Y-Incision starts off the chest and abdomen autopsy, where the 2 arms of the Y run from each shoulder joint, to meet at the mid-chest, where the stem of the Y then runs down to the pubic region. This is done to begin internal inspection to determine the corpse's cause and manner of death or to evaluate any disease or injury present to use as research or educational purposes

Zika Virus

Clue: An infectious disease that is NOT bacterial

Z

The Zika Virus is a viral pathogen that is primarily caused by the bite of an Aedes Mosquito. This virus invades and infects brain cells and evades immune system detection, "also being linked to mircocephaly and other neurological problems in newborns of affected mothers directly infects the brain progenitor cells destined to become neurons."

Flagella

Clue: A component of a bacterium

The flagella is a component of a bacterium that is a whip-like structure to allow the cell to move

Bonus F

Hydrolysis

Clue: The way polymers become monomers

Hydrolysis is the process of polymers becoming monomers

Bonus H

Insect Bites

Clue: A mode of transmission

Insect bites are a mode of transmission that transmits protozoans like rhizopoda. This can be prevented by modern sanitary methods or by spraying insects with repellent

Bonus I

Skin

Clue: A structure of the immune system that protects from disease

The skin is a structure of the immune system that contains

Bonus S

Bonus U