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21st CL: Spanish Colonial Period
15
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
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Timeline
1896 to 1898
17th to 19th century
Public education in the Philippines was established, natives learned how to speak Spanish and their native language, which marked the beginning of Indio literacy. Most of the literary pieces published started as devotional poetry and mostly were about Christianity.
The Philippine Revolution began as the Katipunan, led by Andres Bonifacio, revolted against Spanish rule. Bonifacio and Emilio Jacinto wrote poems and essays respectively in their native language to communicate to their fellowmen and educated women of the era also wrote their share of poetry, including Bonifacio’s wife, Gregoria de Jesus.
Significant Events
1521 to 1565
The Spaniards were trying to find the riches of the Spice Islands, which brought the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan to the Philippines. This followed a series of events that led to the establishment of the first Spanish settlement, and the introduction to Roman Catholicism. Many pre-existing literary works were destroyed by the Spaniards upon arrival.
The Industrial Revolution
The social structure changed in the industrial revolution. Balagtas (Francisco Baltazar) was a master of traditional Tagalog poetry, and was one of the first Indios to become Filipino. His knowledge in both cultures led to providing information to the oppressed using his poems. Jose Rizal followed by creating poems and novels that ultimately inspired the rebellion of the Philippine Revolution.
Common Types of Literature and their Definitions
Common Types of Literature and their Definitions
POETRY
PROSE
RELIGIOUS LITERATURE
it is a literary art with using of rhyming words structure and most of the time it uses flowery language or words. It also utilizes a metrical style of writing.
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it is a traditional poetry as it mainly structure an ordinary piece. Unlike the rhythmic poetry, this is written in paragraph form and just let readers to convince. It is usually a true to life stories.
This discusses the beliefs, rituals practices, ethical etc. Religious literature was frequently written in a mixture of Spanish and Tagalog.
ORAL LITERATURE
SECULAR LITERATURE
The oral tradition of Filipinos persisted until the Spanish colonization. Epics, songs, riddles, and proverbs are among the literary works that fall underneath this type of literature.
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This type of literature discusses topics that are not under religion. The topics that this literature covers can be politics, economy, sociology, psychology, and other similar things.
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted
Common Subjects
Common Subjects
The Christian faith
1
With the colonization of the Spañiards, they brought Christianity and established the roots of the Catholic sect in the Philippines. Thus, literature started to follow the religious doctrines of the Christian faith that the Spanish taught. Therefore, the common subjects of such literature are prayers, lives of saints, the life of Jesus, hymns, the pasyon, psalms, and the like.
Common Subjects of Philippine LIterature During the Spanish Colonial Period
Sociopolitical issues
2
Balagtas and Rizal are among the two authors that portrayed ongoing problems in Philippine society during the Spanish colonial period. Through the similarities in the fictional worlds of Florante and Laura, as well as Noli and El Fili, the social and political issues in the Philippines were elaborated on. Their works played significant roles in the Filipinos' collective enlightenment of the oppressive government of the Spañiards.
Famous Literary Works During the Spanish Colonization Period of the Philippines
Famous Literary Works and their Overview
Examples and Their Overview
Examples of Literary Works
Literary Works
Doctrina Christiana (1593)
This a prayer book written in Spanish accompanied by Filipino translation that is believed to be among the first published books in the Philippines at the time. It was intended to be used by Spanish missionaries to read to the Filipinos who were referred to as Indios. Indios relied on their memory upon hearing the preachings as many were still not fluent with Spanish at the time, though later on translators learned how to read and write in Spanish.
Mahal na Pasion Ni Jesu Cristo (1704)
Mahal na Pasion Ni Jesu Cristo (1704)
An artifact of the beginning of the end of the mythological belief system of the Filipinos, Gaspar Aquino De Belen’s work portrayed Christ’s passion in a long poem with an authentic touch of folk style meant to humanize and nativize Jesus. This played a role in the conversion of Filipinos to the colonial power being enforced by the Spañiards.
Florante at Laura (1853)
Florante at Laura (1853)
a Filipino poem, Francisco Baltazar, or more commonly known as Balagtas, wrote it in a manner that at first sight appears to be a simple poem depicting the struggle and the love of the protagonists Duke Florante and Princess Laura of Albania in the time of the Albanian Christians’ war against the Moros or Muslims, but actually alludes to the current state of the Filipinos under the spanish colonization. He disguised his compassion for his fellowmen underneath the foreign oppressive context and culture of the story.
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)
Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)
These two works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal takes inspiration from the poet Balagtas with how the stories of the two novels served as a reflection of the oppressive and corrupt rule of the Spañiards. These novels record Ibarra’s life as an educated Filipino returning overseas, with the prospect of reforming the country through education. His work resulted in a near-death and exile from the country. The following novel El Fili portrayed Ibarra’s return, at which point he had reinvented himself as Simoun. Simoun, the wealthy jeweler, quickened social decay through corrupting society until the marginalized and oppressed turned to overthrowing the system, but failed ultimately and soon after results in Simoun’s tragic death.