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Supercapacitors
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Chemistry for Engineers
SUPERCAPACITORS by Team C
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What are Supercapacitors?
Definition
Supercapacitors or also referred to as ultra-capacitors, is superior than an average capacitor. It mainly stores energy. It can also rapidly charge and discharge energy. Referring to scientist, it is estimated to have about 1 million cycle of discharging and charging. Though having capacitance for energy storage, it is low on voltage.
Many may think what is the difference of supercapacitor with batteries? Why not only just use battery? What is supercapacitor for?
Just imagine a bucket full of water with a tiny hole on the bottom. Then imagine a cup of water with a large hole also on the bottom. The bucket of water represents the battery and the cup of water represents the supercapacitors, the water then represents the energy. Just like the size of the bucket and the cup, the battery can store huge amount of energy which is the disadvantage of supercapacitors for it can only store small amount of energy. But let us still consider the hole on both containers. The battery may have large room for energy but it charges slowly. For example, charging a phone takes an hour but with supercapacitors, it will only take more or less than 5 minutes.
Supercapacitors are relevant to devices, system or anything that requires its unique characteristic of fast charging and discharging. Though it has room for more improvement, we can already tell that it is useful.
Image Samples
Functions
of
Supercapacitors
It's Functions
Anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device. It attracts negatively charge anions.
Supercapacitor's main purpose arises when a quick charge for a short-term power is needed or if a device requires an energy storage that rapidly charges and discharge.
A simple capacitor is equipped with electrodes (anodes and cathodes) and a dielectric material or in simple terms, a separator. It works by storing energy in the electric field that exists between electrodes.
Electrodes- are conductors by which electrons flow through to generate a current.
* Anode - an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device. It attracts negatively (-) charge anions
* Cathode - the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device. It attracts positively (+) charge cations.
Dielectric Material or Separator- It is known to have no flow of current. It decreases the electric field, which decreases the voltage, which increases the capacitance.
But development has been made with the capacitors, thus the Supercapacitors. Dielectrics has been replaced with electrolyte which affects the whole system itself.
Electrolytes- electrolytes' existence in a supercapacitor is very essential and of significance. Its sole purpose is to transfer and balance charges between the two electrodes (anodes and cathodes).
Anode is an electrode through which the conventional current enters into a polarized electrical device. It attracts negatively charge anions.
Supercapacitors are classified into 3 categories.
Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
Electrostatic Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
It is where the positively charge particles and negatively charge particles in the electrolytes aligns on each electrode. Now, due to electrostatic attraction, the negatively charge ions gets attach with the positively charge electrodes and vice versa. They will form very organized layer, resulting to high power density. The unique behavior of a supercapacitor of rapidly charging and discharging. But it also bears low energy density.
Pseudocapacitors
Pseudocapacitor
It does not only have the ability to store energy in the form of EDLC, but to store it reversible with the formation of EDLC. And it can also transfer electron charge between electrode and electrolyte with a specific chosen material that can allow the electrode to host a very fast redox reaction enabling the supercapacitors to store energy electrochemically.
Hybrid Capacitor or Asymmetric Capacitor
Hybrid Capacitors or Asymmetric Capacitors
It is a combination of EDLC and Pseudocapacitor. Which the energy is stored electrostatically and electrochemically.
Where Supercapacitors are used or applied?
Application
Nowadays the supercapacitors are used in many electronic tools. "Energy reservoir" is what mostly people called it. How it can charge and discharge quickly makes it useful to a lot of things that the battery cannot cover.
Examples
Electric Cars
Electric Cars
Electric Buses
Electric Buses
Elevators
Elevators
Solar Panels
Solar Panels
Wind Turbines
Wind Turbines
CONCLUSION
On that note, we can see that Supercapacitors are powerful. An energy storage that can transfer and charge quickly. It can easily adjust to any advanced technology. Per to the list of vehicles, devices, technology, etc. we can tell that supercapacitors are an innovative equipment.
However, it still cannot surpass batteries. Batteries are far more superior as an energy storage at this time, our time. though it does not have the same kind of ability the capacitors have, it can store huge amount of energy. Which makes it more convenient to us than the capacitors.
Scientist are still looking for a better way to add more storage on supercapacitors. Adding capacitance means more electrolyte, but by doing so, it would also add time on charging and discharging energy unlike in its original form where one can charge in a minute which is what it is sought after for and what will make it superior to any other energy storage such as batteries. Many are still looking for the best and effective alternative for electrolytes without compromising its promising attribute.
If found and made possible, supercapacitors will provide us with unlimited energy. Electricity will not be a problem anymore through solar panels. Harvesting oil will not be needed for in the near future, electric cars will be a thing. A vast amount of possibilities for advancing technology. The outcomes, the innovation it could bring is maybe just what we need.
Conclusion
References
REFERENCES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7T-6XdiRTw&feature=share
https://youtu.be/nzLVVX7qsmk
https://youtu.be/W4bE5zD_GxI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FG6JRHGFyQ&feature=share
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercapacitor#:~:text=A%20supercapacitor%20(SC)%2C%20also,electrolytic%20capacitors%20and%20rechargeable%20batteries.
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/electrolytes
Mga Alamat ng Team C!
Team C - Supercapacitors
Buenaventura, Patrick Jan
Cabaccang, Prince
Cadeliña, Princess Yvonne
Comia, Zurick
Cuevas, Cedric
Dolfo, John Christian
Elorza, Lance Patrick
Falcon, Elvinrey
Mejia, Alyssa Rigel
Santos, Miguel
Tanoy, Beniferd Chauncey
Virtudazo, Jacob