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Medieval Europe: Joan of Arc
2
Transcript
Medieval Europe
Joan of Arc
This lesson focuses on pages 89-95 in your social studies book.
Hundred Years' War
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France and lasted from 1337 to 1453.
The war was over the succession to the French throne.The war was a series of battles with long periods of peace between them.
Battle of Agincourt
Battle of Agincourt
- When King Henry V became king of England in 1413, he laid claim to the throne of France.
- This is the battle that the English won due to the strategies used and the longbow weapon. They defeated the much larger French force.
- King Charles VI named Henry V as the heir to the throne. He rules over both England and France now.
Joan of Arc
Joan
of
Arc
Early Life
Joan of Arc
- Born around 1412, Jeanne d’Arc (or in English, Joan of Arc) was the daughter of a farmer, Jacques d’Arc in northeastern France.
- She could not read or write, but had a deep love for the Church and its teachings.
- At age 13, Joan began to hear voices, which she determined had been sent to her by God to give her a mission
Hearing Voices
- Joan knew nothing about war and politics.
- Yet, she listened to the voices in her head that told her to meet with a man who was next in line to be king of France, the dauphin
- Dauphin: a dauphin is the title given to the eldest son of the King of France
- At first the dauphin had no interest in meeting with her
- Legend has it that the dauphin was testing her. He mingled with the crowd and blended in with them.
Background Information
- Many people in southern France did not accept English rule.
- The English began to invade southern France in 1428 and bean a siege of the city of Orleans.
- However, a young peasant girl named Joan of Arc took leadership of the French army.
- She became one of the most famous and well-respected warriors. With an army of several thousand, she set out to Orleans, which had been under siege for many months by the English.
- The voices told her she would be wounded, but she still fought without a helmet so the soldiers could see her. She was victorious.
Depictions
- Joan of Arc is typically depicted with armour and clothing of a soldier
- Why might this be?
Depictions
Joan of Arc
Joan's Role
Joan's story continues. Now that the first part of her mission was over, she now had to ensure that Charles was crowned King of France to fulfill her promise.
How was she going to do this?
Crowning the King of France
Crowning the King of France
- Her goal was to convince the dauphin to travel to Remis, a city where French kings had been crowned for years.
- The problem was that it was controlled by the Burgundians, who were loyal to the English.
- When they arrived, the residents cheered for the dauphin and the Burgundians slipped out of town.
- The dauphin was crowned Charles VII, king of France. Joan was at the peak of her glory.
However...
- Once crowned, the tides turned
- Charles VII began making plans behind Joan’s back because she was becoming too powerful.
- Joan was thrown in prison and had to stand trial for heresy (a crime for going against the teaching of the church). She was sentenced to death.
- After the death of King John, the Magna Carta was reissued with some changes by his son, King Henry III
- It was reissued numerous times until it was considered part of English statute law
Joan Lives On!
Lasting Impact
- Twenty years after Joan’s death, the church investigated her trial.
- It was decided that her trial was unfair, and her reputation as a hero lived on. She was later canonized as a saint.
- Her story continues to be told and represented in many poems, songs, and art.
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