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What's history got to do with it?
What impact did the treaties which concluded World War I have on nations and people?
What were the dominant ideologies of the period?
What impact did the post-war treaties, the development of ideologies and the economic crisis have on the events leading to World War II?
Find someone who chose a *different* treaty to you
Give one, get one- swap a key fact and write down what your partner shares with you
Long Term:
Short Term:
Textbook- page 10
Complete the M.A.N.I.A worksheet on the causes of WW1.
This worksheet will be found on the Intranet
"... in the Great War, Europe was sick, and that recovery would take a long, long time." Tony Howarth
Questions and analysis on the Intranet- feedback via Markbook
Page 9 of textbook for guidance if finding it tricky
The Big Four "... made deals and compromises that would echo down through history"
Richard Holbrooke
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted
Jan 1919, 39 nations met at the Paris Peace Conference to punish the defeated nations and:
= Jun 1919: Signing of the TOV
Quotes to add:
"You are both sheltered; we are not" "There are 20 million Germans too many!"
- Georges Clemenceau
"We want peace which will be just" "we want to protect the future against a repetition of the horrors of war"
- David Lloyd George
"We do not wish to injure her (Germany)"
- Woodrow Wilson
“Fourteen Points? The Good Lord only gave us Ten, and do we abide by those?” Clemenceau
The French believed the points were too lenient, the British public wanted Germany to be punished
Wilson warned against treating Germany severely
"The peacemakers soon realised they had taken on the administration of much of Europe and large parts of the Middle East" Margaret MacMillan
Sum- up the Big Four on pg 24-25
After signing the Treaty, the German delegates broke the pen in protest
What the T.O.V meant for Germany in 1919:
War guilt- Article 231
Land and population losses- land size reduced by 13%
Loss of all colonies- became mandates (lease) of other powers
Limits on military power- army capped at 100,000 men
Reparations- 132 billion Gold Marks (US$33 billion)
***QUOTES PAGE
Wilson's 14th point was to create the L.O.N, established during the T.O.V
In your group- research on the League of Nations and include a quote to support your findings. Report back to the group
Group 1:
Self Determination- pg. 33
L.O.N at work- pg. 38
Group 2:
Achievements and challenges- pg. 39
- PADLET Page
'The Terms of the Versailles Treaty are Equivalent to Sending Germany to the Guillotine' Thomas Theodor Heine, German Satirical magazine Simplicissimus 3/6/19
“It was in this atmosphere of national trauma, political extremism, violent conflict and revolutionary upheaval that Nazism was born”
Richard J. Evans
Nov 1918- Aug 1919:
The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict (extreme left versus military right) in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of Germany's imperial government with a republic = Weimar Republic
Weimar was in the centre of Germany and considered a more peaceful place for the government to meet than Berlin
Monarch -> Republic
President, Chancellor and a Parliament (Reichstag)
Elections every 4 years
Men and women over 20 to vote
Article 48- allows president to make laws in an emergency without consulting the Reichstag
Page 93 of the textbook explains this.
Positives/ Negatives of this?
Source 3.05- change in Chancellors
"We shivered from the terrible cold of abandonment. We had believed that our country would never betray us"
German soldier
In Germany the treaty was known as the 'diktat' (dictated peace). They felt betrayed by Friedrich Ebert, the President
Germany's pride was destroyed and the average German felt punished for a war they didn't want
"There will be vengeance for the shame of 1919"
German newspaper Deutsche Zeitung
Germany had a strong economy pre WW1, with many resources (coal, iron etc.)
Lost 75% of its iron industry
By 1922, Germany was unable to continue paying the reparations
Millions in debt, the Weimar government started producing more money
By Autumn 1923 it cost more to print a note than the note was worth.
https://mashable.com/2016/07/27/german-hyperinflation/
After not being able to pay the second round of reparations, France and Belgium sent troops into the Ruhr Valley
This was Germany's main industrial area
They occupied coal mines, railways, steel works and factories. German workers striked, leading to 140 deaths
This, and hyperinflation, gave rise to many uprisings and groups including the Communists and the Fascist Nazis
"No one knows how long their money will last and people are living in constant fear"
Spanish journalist in Berlin, 1923
Prices rose so much that people rushed to spend their money, people were paid twice a day because their payments became worthless
Restaurants put up their prices between the time a meal was ordered and eaten
A barter economy began, mass food shortages, increase in unemployment
Read the quotes on page 98 and answer questions 1-4 in a paragraph
I will provide you with a range of post TOV life
Now that you know the impact of them I want you to rank them in order of what effected Germany the most
From 1924-1929, we see a growth in stability in the Weimar Republic and rebellions become less popular
Aug 1923: New Chancellor, Gustav Stresemann --->
The Mark was abolished and replaced with the Rentenmark --> Reichsmark
To save money, the government fired 700,000 civil servants and asked the allies to reconsider the reparations and leave the Ruhr Valley.
This was called the Dawes Plan (1924)
Germany joins LON in 1926
Reading 108-109
Create a mindmap on bubbl.us or on post paper to describe how Stresemann successfully brought stability to the Weimar Republic
Planning Q.3- countries/impacts/people/events
Opposing views presented in the sources
Not only 'slotting in' the quote, but using it and explaining it in reference to the question
Cartoon help- use the resource pack