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20th C- Unit 1 AOS 1

PART 1- 1914-1923

Introduction

1. About

Email address/ where can you find me

Planner on the Intranet (usually..)

About me!

About you??

Some current news

What's history got to do with it?

What is our focus this term (AOS 1)

AOS 1

What impact did the treaties which concluded World War I have on nations and people?

What were the dominant ideologies of the period?

What impact did the post-war treaties, the development of ideologies and the economic crisis have on the events leading to World War II?

Holiday homework

Holiday Homework

Find someone who chose a *different* treaty to you

Give one, get one- swap a key fact and write down what your partner shares with you

Causes

Long Term:

  • Militarism
  • Alliances
  • Imperialism
  • Nationalism

Short Term:

  • Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

WW1- Causes

Textbook- page 10

DUE: Friday- 31st Jan, period 5

Complete the M.A.N.I.A worksheet on the causes of WW1.

This worksheet will be found on the Intranet

Homework

The costs- p.12

WW1- Costs

"... in the Great War, Europe was sick, and that recovery would take a long, long time." Tony Howarth

Bravo Belgium

Questions and analysis on the Intranet- feedback via Markbook

Page 9 of textbook for guidance if finding it tricky

Homework

Post WW1- pg. 14

The Big Four "... made deals and compromises that would echo down through history"

Richard Holbrooke

World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted

2. Peace Treaties

Jan 1919, 39 nations met at the Paris Peace Conference to punish the defeated nations and:

  • Redraw national boundaries
  • Discuss de-militarisation
  • Decide on reparations
  • Examine Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points

= Jun 1919: Signing of the TOV

Key People + Terms-

Page 17 (sum up in your notes)

Key People

Quotes to add:

"You are both sheltered; we are not" "There are 20 million Germans too many!"

- Georges Clemenceau

"We want peace which will be just" "we want to protect the future against a repetition of the horrors of war"

- David Lloyd George

"We do not wish to injure her (Germany)"

- Woodrow Wilson

Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points

Pg. 21

W.W 14 Points

“Fourteen Points? The Good Lord only gave us Ten, and do we abide by those?” Clemenceau

The French believed the points were too lenient, the British public wanted Germany to be punished

Wilson warned against treating Germany severely

Paris Peace Conference-

Pg. 23

Paris Peace Conference

"The peacemakers soon realised they had taken on the administration of much of Europe and large parts of the Middle East" Margaret MacMillan

Sum- up the Big Four on pg 24-25

Terms of the T.O.V

Pg. 26- 29

After signing the Treaty, the German delegates broke the pen in protest

T.O.V

What the T.O.V meant for Germany in 1919:

War guilt- Article 231

Land and population losses- land size reduced by 13%

Loss of all colonies- became mandates (lease) of other powers

Limits on military power- army capped at 100,000 men

Reparations- 132 billion Gold Marks (US$33 billion)

***QUOTES PAGE

League of Nations

3. League of Nations

Wilson's 14th point was to create the L.O.N, established during the T.O.V

In your group- research on the League of Nations and include a quote to support your findings. Report back to the group

Group 1:

Self Determination- pg. 33

L.O.N at work- pg. 38

Group 2:

Achievements and challenges- pg. 39

- PADLET Page

How to analyse a source

(But first- Kahoot!)

And then- Assessment schedule

Finally- Check the intranet google doc on how to analyse a source and the wording in the questions.

We will be using page 31 as an example.

'The Terms of the Versailles Treaty are Equivalent to Sending Germany to the Guillotine' Thomas Theodor Heine, German Satirical magazine Simplicissimus 3/6/19

Weimar Republic, 1918-1933

“It was in this atmosphere of national trauma, political extremism, violent conflict and revolutionary upheaval that Nazism was born”

Richard J. Evans

4. Weimar Republic

Nov 1918- Aug 1919:

The German Revolution or November Revolution was a civil conflict (extreme left versus military right) in the German Empire at the end of the First World War that resulted in the replacement of Germany's imperial government with a republic = Weimar Republic

Weimar was in the centre of Germany and considered a more peaceful place for the government to meet than Berlin

Weimar Constitution

Monarch -> Republic

President, Chancellor and a Parliament (Reichstag)

Elections every 4 years

Men and women over 20 to vote

Article 48- allows president to make laws in an emergency without consulting the Reichstag

Page 93 of the textbook explains this.

Positives/ Negatives of this?

Source 3.05- change in Chancellors

Germany p. 88

"We shivered from the terrible cold of abandonment. We had believed that our country would never betray us"

German soldier

In Germany the treaty was known as the 'diktat' (dictated peace). They felt betrayed by Friedrich Ebert, the President

5. Impact on Germany

Germany's pride was destroyed and the average German felt punished for a war they didn't want

"There will be vengeance for the shame of 1919"

German newspaper Deutsche Zeitung

Hyperinflation, p. 96

Economic

Germany had a strong economy pre WW1, with many resources (coal, iron etc.)

Lost 75% of its iron industry

By 1922, Germany was unable to continue paying the reparations

Millions in debt, the Weimar government started producing more money

By Autumn 1923 it cost more to print a note than the note was worth.

https://mashable.com/2016/07/27/german-hyperinflation/

Political impacts

After not being able to pay the second round of reparations, France and Belgium sent troops into the Ruhr Valley

This was Germany's main industrial area

They occupied coal mines, railways, steel works and factories. German workers striked, leading to 140 deaths

This, and hyperinflation, gave rise to many uprisings and groups including the Communists and the Fascist Nazis

Political

"No one knows how long their money will last and people are living in constant fear"

Spanish journalist in Berlin, 1923

Social impacts

Prices rose so much that people rushed to spend their money, people were paid twice a day because their payments became worthless

Restaurants put up their prices between the time a meal was ordered and eaten

A barter economy began, mass food shortages, increase in unemployment

Social

Read the quotes on page 98 and answer questions 1-4 in a paragraph

Consider the factors

Overall

I will provide you with a range of post TOV life

Now that you know the impact of them I want you to rank them in order of what effected Germany the most

Weimar- Stability?

P. 108

From 1924-1929, we see a growth in stability in the Weimar Republic and rebellions become less popular

6. Weimar Republic

Road to stability?

Aug 1923: New Chancellor, Gustav Stresemann --->

The Mark was abolished and replaced with the Rentenmark --> Reichsmark

To save money, the government fired 700,000 civil servants and asked the allies to reconsider the reparations and leave the Ruhr Valley.

This was called the Dawes Plan (1924)

Germany joins LON in 1926

Reading 108-109

So how did Stresemann help WR?

Stability in Weimar?

Create a mindmap on bubbl.us or on post paper to describe how Stresemann successfully brought stability to the Weimar Republic

Things to remember:

Preparing for the S.A

Planning Q.3- countries/impacts/people/events

Opposing views presented in the sources

Not only 'slotting in' the quote, but using it and explaining it in reference to the question

Cartoon help- use the resource pack

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