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John Newbery

LIS 517 Group 9: Brittany Sissac, Cary Mason, and Alec Broussard.

Biography

Introduction

Born 1713 in Berkshire, England – Died 1767 in London, England.

He was self-educated and chose to pursue a career in publishing.

He had five children:

Two with his wife and three step-children from his wife's previous marriage.

Publishing

He apprenticed to a local printer and, upon the death of the owner, took over half the shop.

Publishing

Reading, Berkshire 1700s

He opened his own printing shop in Reading, England in 1740, but soon opened a new shop in London in 1743.

He published books for adults first, but he decided he wanted to print some books for children.

Children's Books

His first children’s book, A Little Pretty Pocket-Book, was published in 1744.

He moved his shop once more to another location in London, where it stayed for nearly fifty years.

John Newbery published some 400 children’s books in his lifetime, some of which he wrote himself under pseudonyms.

His publishing house is attributed with printing the first collection of Mother Goose nursery rhymes.

The 1600s

The 1800s

Children's Literature Flourishes

  • 1812 - Household Tales by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm
  • 1835 - Fairy Tales Told for Children by Hans Christian Andersen
  • 1865 - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll
  • 1868 - Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
  • 1876 - The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain
  • 1894-1895 - The Jungle Books by Rudyard Kipling
  • 1646 - Spiritual Milk for Boston Babes in Either England, Drawn from the Breasts of Both Testaments for Their Souls' Nourishment by John Cotton

  • 1657 - Orbis Pictus by Johann Amos Comenius

  • 1697 - Tales of Mother Goose by Charles Perrault

Historical Backdrop

1440

Hornbooks were the first reading materials printed especially for children

  • 1719 - Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe

  • 1726 - Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift

  • 1744 - A Pretty Little Pocket-Book by John Newbery

  • 1765 The History of Little Goody Two Shoes by John Newbery

The 1700s & John Newbery

John Newbery's Publishing House

  • Influenced by John Locke and believed children enjoyed reading and read for fun

  • Saw a market for books made specifically for children with the popularity of chapbooks

  • Published exclusively for young readers

  • Published educational themes with entertaining rhymes, games, and fables

  • Published 100s of books for children, many written himself

  • The John Newbery Medal named in honor of him and first presented in 1922

1744

John Newbery begins his Publishing House

Discovery

Main Topic

John Newbery didn't discover children's books or even discover publishing children's books. He just mainstreamed how to do these things plus how to earn a living while doing it.

In fact, out of about 2400 books that Newbery published, only about 20% of them were children's books, but that is his legacy and what he is known for.

Quote

-Sydney Roscoe

Early Days

Despite being born to a farmer, Newbery always had a knack for literature.

At 16, he starts his apprenticeship at a newspaper. When the owner dies, he leaves the company to Newbery and his brother.

Newbery successfully gains over 40 salesmen for the newspaper making it quite successful.

With the success of one business, Newbery ventures to London to start another.

A Little Pretty Pocket-book

A Little Pretty Pocket-Book was the first book that Newbery published when he opened up shop in London.

It was published in 1744 and is described as an illustrated songbook.

"Delectando Monemus" was inscribed in the book which translates to instruction through delight. This was Newbery's philosophy on children's literature.

He was a big fan of John Locke and part of this philosophy came from him.

He believed that children would learn more if it didn't feel like a punishment.

The History of Little Goody Two-Shoes

Little Goody Two-shoes

Published in 1765, this was Newbery's most popular book.

This book was partially the epitome of Newbery's views for children's books. It speaks of a forgiving God that believes in second chances and not raining hellfire.

It also shows things like hard work paying off and good people being rewarded.

Side-note: the character's father dies from a fever in a place where there was no fever powder that Newbery sells, another marketing technique

Other Notable Works

  • The Circle of the Sciences (possibly first children's encyclopedia)
  • Lilliputian Magazine
  • The Public Ledger
  • A Museum for Young Gentlemen and Ladies
  • Tommy Trip's History of Beasts and Birds
  • Nurse Truelove's New-Year's Gift
  • Be Merry and Wise
  • The Newtonian System of Philosophy adapted to the Capacities of Young Gentlemen and Ladies
  • An History of England, in a Series of Letters from a Nobleman to his Son

Marketing

Perhaps Newbery's biggest accomplishment of all was his marketing ability. This is what made him so successful.

Newbery would unabashedly include other books that he published in lists that characters read in his books. He would take normal fears from parents and offer solutions with his books. Or in the Goody Two-shoes example, he even included other products he sold.

He knew how to market items for their intended audience. For example, even his adult items like The Ladies Complete Pocket-book which was published annually had things of value to women in them. He offered a place for grocery lists, checkbook keeping, and fashion. The man was a genius.

He also believed in advertising in any and all newspapers.

Legacy

John Newberry is claimed to be the first person to publish children’s books for the purpose of entertaining children.

He printed around 400 children’s books in his life time, and his successors printed hundreds more after his passing.

His name lives on today in modern children’s literature in the medal named after him.

The John Newbery Medal is annually awarded by the American Library Association “to the author of the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children” (ALA, 2021).

Citations

Young, T. A., Bryan, G., Jacobs, J. S., & Tunnell, M. O. (2020). Children's literature, briefly. New York: Pearson.

NEWBERY, John (1713--67). (2015). In D. Hahn (Ed.), The Oxford companion to children's literature (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press, Inc. Credo Reference: http://lynx.lib.usm.edu/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/oupocl/newbery_john_1713_67/0?institutionId=3440

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2021, January 1). John Newbery. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www-britannica-com.lynx.lib.usm.edu/biography/John-Newbery

"John Newbery Medal", American Library Association, March 24, 2021. http://www.ala.org/alsc/awardsgrants/bookmedia/newbery Document ID: 4c554695-91d6-4e23-8299-49318b08dbbb

John Newbery (Reading: 1740 - 1743; London: 1743 - 1767). (1995). In J. K. Bracken & J. Silver (Eds.), Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 154. The British Literary Book Trade, 1700-1820 (Vol. 154, pp. 216-228). Gale. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/RXQCPN155953484/DLBC?u=mag_u_usm&sid=DLBC&xid=a5b93b7b

Citations

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