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The Five Stages of Development in Children's Art

Maddy Leslie

Viktor Lowenfeld

  • His book, Creative and Mental Growth was published and became the single most influential textbook in art education.
  • It described characteristics of child art.
  • Believed evidence of aesthetic, social, physical, intellectual, and emotional growth is reflected in the art of children.

He further developed a theory of stages in artistic development. The stages consisted of

Scribble

Pre Schematic

Schematic

Transitional

Realsim

Lowenfeld's ideas of art as a catalyst of creativity have prompted many research dissertations in the field of art education.

The Scribble Stage

The Scribble Stage

2-4

  • Random marks, dots, and lines on the drawing surface.
  • Scribble and manipulate the drawing tool with little or no concern for the appearance of the marks he makes.
  • Three discernible stages during this stage: random scribbling controlled scribbling naming of scribbling
  • Not drawing symbols for objects.

The Pre Schematic Stage

The Pre Schematic Stage

3-7

  • Child produces his first representative symbols for objects in his environment.
  • The pictures have a “floating organization and the paper may be turned many times while drawing.
  • Drawing his first symbols, but has not yet developed “schema”.

The Schematic Stage

The Schematic Stage

6-8

  • Repetition of symbols for familiar objects, and the use of the base-line.
  • Figures appear flat and stiff, and are changed only when there is strong motivation to do so.
  • Later, multiple base-lines are the major organizational devices used by the child in this stage. X-ray or transparent views, top views, side views, or raised base-lines are used
  • The fused or continuous contour line is also used to further define figures.

The Transitional Stage

The Transitional Stage

9

  • Produce art work that meets adult standards; yet he still produces works which unintentionally contain many characteristics of the schematic stage.
  • The art work has visual contradictions.
  • The base-line is replaced by a receding ground plane, and there is frequent use of intentional overlapping.
  • Much attention is given to details, sex roles, and clothing differences.
  • Some linear perspective may be used during this stage.

The Realsim Stage

The Realsim Stage

12 or older

  • Considerable control over the medium, content, and organization is evident.
  • The figures become natural in appearance, or are intentionally stylized.
  • The consistent use of many organizational devices is also quite evident in the art work produced during this stage, such as overlapping, diminishing size, placement on the picture plane, and linear and aerial perspective.

How I will use this information...

I will use the Five Stages from Lowenfield in my classroom everyday. It will help me better understand how and why students of each age do what they do. This understanding will help me to create a creative learning environment that will challenge and excite my students.

Sources

https://www.artsonia.com

education.stateuniversity.com

Sources

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