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To What Extent has Canada

Affirmed Collective Rights?

By:Elizabeth.S 9 Biant

Collective Rights: What Are They?

Collective rights assure that a specific group in Canadadian society based on historical and constitutional reasoning rights are met and recognized .

Métis

What Is The Manitoba Act?

In 1870, the Manitoba act was created. This was a consitutional law that created the province of Manitoba. This act provided the Métis with the magority of what they asked for, this included: 'a notably responsible government, the status of province, bilingual insitutions, confessional schools as well as gaurenteed preoperty rights with respect to Indian lands', recognizing and proctecting the rights of the Métis people in the provience. This act included John A. Macdonald, and George Etienne Cartier who were both leading figures in the establishment of the province of Manitoba during 1870. The Manitoba Act also included Louis Riel, who was a Canadian politian and founder of the provience Manitoba. Louis, was also a political leader of the Métis people who led two resitance movements against the Government of Canada. During the process of the Manitoba Act the provience gained four seats in the federal parliment, which was a strong repersentation due to the tiny population.

What is the Manitoba Act who was involved? Who is

Louis Riel?

What Are Inherent Rights?

Inherent rights, are rights that are gifts from the The Creator. These are the instruction on how to live and created the foundation for all of the First Nations beliefs and traditions. However, some belive that inherent rights are how the Ucwalmicwa, a First Nations group and their relationship to the land previous to European contact worked. Inherent rights is a unqiue cultural entiety, where rights do not exist in law but commonly include right to self-government, and right to the land as well as to practice their own culture and custom relationships to their land and their resources.

An example of inherent rights would include their right to practice their own culture, right of self-government, and their right to hunt for food.

What are inherent rights

What Is Scrip?

Scrip was a document, or warrent that entitled the holder to a certain allotment of crown lands in what is now Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. This allowed the Department of the Interior to grant land without specifying the actual piece of land involved.

What is Scrip

Positives

Negitives

-(For Federal Government) scrip provided a covenitent and inexpsense process to acquire Métis rights to land in the west

-Very disorginized

-Was very hard for Métis people to acquire land

-Created room for fraud

-The Manitoba Act allowed the federal government to build on the land for comercial development and European settlement

Positive & Negitives

-The use of scrip was often part of disposession and colization, which would force Indigenous people off their lands and into reserves

-Provided the Métis with a way to gain financial compensation for their land rights, allowing them to acsess recources and oppurtunities that they might not have been able to get otherwise.

-The value of scip was usually much lower than the actual value of the land, which would mean that the Indigenous people were not being fairly compensated for their loses

What Is the Northwest Resistance?

The Northwest Resistance also known as the North-West Rebellion was a harsh insurgency that lasted from March.26th 1885-June 3rd,1885 (5 months) against the Canadian Government. The rebellion was lead by a group of Métis and First Nations people that were unhappy with the Canadian government polices and their lack of recognition of their land rights and imposition of Canadian laws and regulations on their ways of life. This conflict was lead by the Métis leader Louis Riel and a group of supporters where they seized control of the settlement of Batoche, Saskatewan. Due to this act the Canadian Government chose to repsond by sending troops to the region to fight. This act resulted in several weeks of fighting, which then resulted in the government forces defeating the

Métis and First Nations peoples.

What is the Northwest Resistance?

What happened in 1982

In 1982, the adoption of the Charter Of Rights and Freedoms took place. In April of 1982 Canada's consitution was amended to include the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This was a result of the efforts of both the Métis, Inuit, and First Nations peoples where their treaty rights were recognized in section 35 of the Consitution Act.

What happen in 1982?

Steve Powley? Who Was He?

Game And Fish Act: No person who has taken or killed an animal, bird or fish suitable for food shall allow the flesh to be destroyed or spoiled. R.S.O. 1990, c.

In 1993, Steve Powley and his son, Roddy Powley who are both Métis peoples shot and killed a Bull Moose without a license. In Canada, in order to hunt and kill any wildlife you must obtain a lisence, however due to Steve's Métis herritage he didn't see the need for this license as years previous to the arrival of the Europeans his ancestors had harvested this meat for survival and the Canadian government was taking away this right. When Steve and Roddy Powley shot and killed this Moose near Sault Ste.Marie,Ontario they had tagged the Moose with a handwritten tag claming that they were harvesting their meat for winter.

The pair was then charged with "inlawfully hunting moose and posessing game hunted in breach of the Game and Fish act." When brought to court the pair pleaded not guilty as they had a right to hunt under Section 35 of the 1982 consitution. Although, section 35 stated that the Aboriginal rights, and Métis rights are constutially protected and does not specfically define these rights, which left the case fully up to the Court. In conculsion, due to section 35 to specifally defining these rights the Métis Nation the court ruled that it was their right to hunt as it was protected under section 35. This case defined the collective rights of the Métis as it helped to clarify and define the collective rights of the Métis people in Canada. It recognized the Métis as a distinct Indegenous people with a unique culture and history.

Who was Steve Powley

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