Highlights: Wk 11

Referencing

Things to bear in mind:

1. Sources are listed alphabetically, by the authors' last name/ surname/ family name.

2. References should start at the left margin.

3. Second and subsequent lines should be indented with 5 spaces.

4. If the book is the 4th edition, include this information after the name of the book.

Referencing: 4th edition

the 4th edition

separating the authors

joining the last two together

indented 5 spaces

2 or more authors

Referencing

If there are more than 6 authors, do not list any names after the 6th, write et al. in their place.

et al.

Referencing

How about books with 8 or more authors

Generally,

Include the first six authors' names, followed by three dots (...), then add the last author's name

Other features related to books

Book chapter in an edited book

an edited book

pp

Compare how the authors are presented in the two parts

Other feathers related to books

Books by a corporate entity or organization i.e. the publisher is the same as the author

Author = Adobe Systems Inc. (no need to repeat it)

Other features related to books

Books by unknown authors

Start with the name of the book or article

Editorials

What is special about the reference?

• Begins with the title of the editorial
• 'Editorial' is placed in brackets after the date.

Government documents

A department as the author

Author = Department of Finance and Administration

Government documents

With identifying number

Citation and Referencing

3 steps to prepare citation and references:

• Present the summarised and paraphrased information with verbs of attribution
• Insert proper in-text citation in the text
• Prepare a reference list called References

Citation and Referencing

In-text citation and references:

• In-text citation includes the surname of the author, year of publication and sometimes with page number(s)

*p: one page

pp: more than one page

References

APA style

References are:

• placed at the end of the essay/article/report.
• listed the surnames of the authors of the books or articles we have referred to or cited in alphabetical order.

5 spaces

The second and subsequent lines are indented.

References

Two common types:

• printed materials
• online materials

Online sources

What should be the difference?

Do we need to mention the author?

Year/Date?

Title of the article?

Name of the book/ journal/ newspaper/ magazine?

Online sources

Do we italicize them? How about publisher?

How do we know that it is an online source?

Online sources

Compare:

Online sources

DOI: Digital Object Identifier

What is DOI?

A unique alphanumeric (alphabets & numbers) or numeric string assigned to an article in a scholarly journal

doi (DOI): 10.1037/a0019441

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019441

Online sources

Why DOI?

To uniquely identify objects in the digital environment

Information about a digital object including its location, may change

But not DOI

Online sources

What if there is no DOI?

The following must be provided.

1. Retrieval information e.g. date, web page name, etc

2. Full URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for the article after the retrieval information

Online sources

Compare

Online sources

Articles from online newspaper or magazine

Online sources

Wiki or other related encyclopaedia entries

Wiki: usually without an author

Can be edited so provide retrieval date

Ecology. (2016). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 9, 2016, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology

Online sources

Date of publication:

Year > month > day

*Date of retrieval:

Month > day > year

Pay attention to punctuation

If no date or year can be found, put down (n.d.)