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HISTORY OF CHINA

BY: Sarah Xiong & Salina Vang

OVERVIEW

OVERVIEW OF CHINA

Continent: Asia

Region: East Asia

Population: 1.455 billion people

Languages: Mandarin 71.5%, Wu 8.5%, Cantonese 5%, Xiang 4.8%

Ethnic groups:

Han 91.6%, Zhuang 1.27%, Hui 0.79% etc

Religions:

Non-religious 73.56%, Buddhism 15.87%, Taoism 7.6% etc.

20,000-7,600 BC

20,000-7,000 VBC

In the earliest 20,000 BC, the first discovery was pottery, made in Xianren Cave. As time goes by the, Yellowriver civilization started in 7,000 BC

Xianren Cave

Xianren Cave

Xianren Cave, located in China, Jiang Xi Sheng. Was the first discovery of China's earliest history dated back in 20,000 BC.

Yellowriver Civilization

Yellowriver

Yellowriver agriculture started in the flood plains of the Yellow River. Development of cities were fast spreading and politic powers started finding reinforcement

2070 BC

-

1050 BC

Xia Dynasty 2070-1600 B.C

Decline of Xia Dynasty

The Xia Dynasty started declining under the ruler, Kong Jia. He only cared about strong drinks and not his own responsibilities. Jiewas the last Xia emperor, overthrowned by Tang.

Xia Dynasty was the many first acient China ruling. Most of Xia's were farmers. Their main tools was mainly stones and bones. This dynasty had invented bronze casting. The Xia Dynasty has an agriculture practice that includes irrigations. They also developed a calander. Xia Dynasty ruled for nearly 400 years but was thrown out as the Emperor, Jie's wanton ruled led to the downfall of this Dynasty.

The Flood

Yellow river had flooded, killing and destroying. Gun, Yu's father, had tried to save his people but was later dead by his own hand. Yu learned from his father's mistakes and brought tactics to stop the water from flooding. He had ask his tribes to build canals. This took him 13 years, Yu never visited his home until he finished his task.

Shang Dynasty 1600-1050 BC

Fall of Shang Dynasty

Zhou, who forgot his duty to his people and concentrated on gratifying his own desires. He spent most of his time with his concubine Daji and not made his people pay for his luxuries and idleness. He became the worse tryant and was soon overthrown by King Wu.

The Shang Dynasty had 30 rulers, the first ruler was Tang Shang. The Shang built public housings with mud and sticks. The Shang Dynasty had classes. They were the first Dynasty to develop writting. They used oracle bones to predict futures. Emperor Zhou was the last Shang Emperor and was overthrown by Wu, who started the Zhou Dynasty in 1050 BC. Shang Dynasty lasted for 600 years.

Battle of Mingtiao

This battle was fought in a rainstorm between Jie and Tang. Tang was victorious, overthrowing Jie. This is important because it shows how Shang dynasty started.

Zhou Dynasty

Zhou Dynasty was the longest Dynastic regime of 789 years. During this Dynasty, centralized power decreased in spring and autumm period until the warning state period. This period cause many states to fight for land and eventually, the Qin was victorious and soon overthrew Zhou Dynasty in 256 BC

1046 - 230BC

Periods

Spring autumm and the warning state period

Spring an Auttumm period (770 - 481 BCE) was a time of key philosophies, schools, religious ideas, states peaceful expantion and fought through war.

The warning state period (481- 221 BCE) was where many Chinese rival states battled visciously for terrtory advantages and dominance.

Qin Dynasty 230 BC

This dynasty started in 230 BC. Conquered other Chinese states. This Dynasty was China's first unifed state whose power was centralized and not spreaded amongst kingdoms.

Qin Dynasty

GENERATION

OF EMPERORS

1600 BCE

Name: Cheng Tang

He was the first Shang ruler after defeating the evil Xia ruler.

2070 BCE

Name: Yu the great

Yu was a legendary King ruler who created the Xia Dynasty and stopped the flood of the Yangtze and Yellow river.

GENERATIONS OF EMPERORS

1368-1398 CE

Name: Hongwu

His real name Zhu Yuanzhangi, and although he born a commoner, he eventually rose through the ranks and became founder of the Ming Dynasty.

221-210 BCE

Name: Qin Shi Huang

He is the founder of the Qin Dynasty and Great Wall of China. He is also known his army of terracotta warriors built to protect him for eternity

1662 - 1722 CE

Name: Kangxi

He is third emperor of the Qing Dynasty and is known for his long reign, which is estimated of 61 years.

1906-1967 - Present

Name: Puyi

He was the very last emperor of the Qing dynasty. He was crowned at 3 years old.

MING DYNASTY

1368-1644 CE

Emperor Hongwu is the founder of the Ming Dynasty. His fourth son Yongle soon became emperor. Yongle's reign was marked by a number of remarkable achievements, including the repair of the Great Wall of China, the expansion of trade beyond the region, and the decision to relocate the capital from Nanjing to Beijing.

Forbidden city

Forbidden City

Emperor Yongle constructed the Forbiddin city to strengthen and secure his power. The Forbidden City served as the home of 24 emperors across both the Ming and Qing dynasties, despite being over 5oo years old, it still stands today as a museum, allowing vistors from around the world to explore and learn about the Chinese history.

The End of the Ming Dynasty

The End of the Ming Dynasty

The fall of the Ming Dynasty consist of a decline in agriculture and an uprising of rebellions. Sooner or later those rebllions destroyed the dynasty and broke dikes of the Yellow River resulting into a mass flood killing thousands of people. In the end, the Ming dynasty was unable to recover from these devastating events, and the emperor at the time, Chongzhen, committed suicide in 1644, which then led to the dynasty's downfall

1644-1912 CE

Qing Dynasty

Emperor Kangxi was one of the most important figures in the Qing Dynasty. He expanded China's territory by conquering Taiwan, gained control of the Amur river and influenced a cultural diffusion between foreign countries.

Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Rebellion was a violent anti-foreign and anti-Christian secret society. Emperess Dowager knew about Boxers and sided with them. The Boxers attacked and killed foreigners and Chinese Christians. This caused a War between the western forces. But the Western forces defeated the Imperial army and the Boxers in 1901. Seven years later Emperess Dowager passed away, Xuantong soon Inherited the thrown but not for long. This soon resulted in the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911.

The Republic of China

1900 CE - PRESENT

The republic was established on January 1912 overthrowing the Qing dynasty and ending thousands of years of imperial rule in China.

Civil War

Civil War

The Chinese Civil War began and lasted from 1927 to 1949. The war was fought between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang for control of China. The conflict began after the KMT leader, Chiang Kai-shek, ordered for a Shanghai Massacre, which targerted CPC members and the leader of CPC, Mao Zedong. The CPC and KMT fought a series of battles over the next two decades. Later the Communist Party of China won and KMT retreated to Taiwan, where they established a separate government, while the CPC established the People's Republic of China on the main land.

Present

Present

Overtime China's economy grew and is now the second largest. In 2012, Xi Jinping became the president of China but many accusations about human rights occurred. For instance, the persucutions of the Falun Gong members & Christians and the Muslim re-education camps. However, In 2020 for the Muslim re-education camps the public has speculated that it may be a sign of upcoming geneocide. But up to this point the Muslim re-education camps are still under investigation as it is still ongoing.

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