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The Scarf Concept
Importance Of Design History
Can Movements Overlap
(thematic/visually)
History is a fundamental thing. We need to know where we came from to know where we want to go. It’s the same with the history of design. When we look back to designs of the past it can serve as a guideline. We see what works and what doesn’t. We don’t want make the same old mistakes over and over again. Great inspiration can and has been taken from history. It’s all interconnected. So many different movements and styles thereof can be traced back to Ancient Greek art for instance. Look at Islamic art, completely different yet still we see how Greek art played a role in their art. Even today a lot, in fact I believe most of our designs are very derivative, but still very unique. Looking at something as simple as clothing, vintage clothes are very popular now. If art/design history was lost, innovation and improvements would not be nearly as far along as it is at the moment. We would have to experiment with different things, wasting time because wee don’t know it has already been done and has failed or maybe succeeded. If we never started making records of history we would just keep on discovering Fire.
Can Movements Overlap
Of course they can overlap thematically, but not visually. The same goes for vice versa. Look at how similar the art of the Renaissance it to that of the baroque period(see images in slides). the difference in thematic material however is very great the baroque art was much more decorative and sensual, rather than filled with meaning as in the Renaissance.
Ancient art is not specific to one group/technique or type of art. Ancient art is any art derived from advanced ancient societies. Egyptian, Greek and Roman art are just a few on a long list ("Ancient art", 2019).
The three ancient art forms mentioned above will be discussed:
Egyptian Art
Greek Art
Roman Art
Egyptian Art:
This art was usually either politically or religiously driven. It was also often created to please or exalt a deceased person or divine being/royal (Calvert, 2019).. The artist in this time was not allowed any space for creativity, everything had to be done to very specified detail. The Egyptians believed that art that wasn’t perfect displeased the gods. Three main elements were seen as extremely important in this form of art. Engraving, sculptures and painting ("Main characteristics of Egyptian art - WriteWork", 2019). As seen in the image above the Egyptians strictly kept to the rules of frontalism and overall stylistic rules which made most. Art look alike to create the illusion of stability amongst the people. The people or figures in the image, as usual in this form of art sit and stand in very formal positions and usually tilt their heads slightly to the heavens("Featured snippets in search - Search Console Help", 2019).
Links to additional in depth Explanations and articles:
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/ancient-mediterranean-ap/ancient-egypt-ap/a/egyptian-art
Greek Art:
Greek art known for striving to idealise. Natural, but still very idealistic. The nude male form was focussed on in many art pieces created in this period. Architecture developed tremendously in this time as well("Ancient Greek art", 2019). Paintings, Sculpture, Painted Pottery and Architecture are the four most prominent categories in greek art. The greeks created many new techniques to create the most ideal depictions. Contra posto(see linked video below) and they even increased the size of the body in relation to the head as a way of idealising their figures. The Greeks were known well for the creation of Black Figure Ware and Red Figure Ware. As seen in the Images above the black and red figures were also heavily idealised(Montgomery & Montgomery, 2019).
Links to additional in depth Explanations and articles:
Video:
https://youtu.be/XdXXK_PTkUU
Roman Art:
Greek art most assuredly had a big impact on the Roman style and practices. Roman art stretches from art for personal home use to art made for the public. Because Roman homes were an indication of status, decoration was very important. Sculptures, Wall pain tings, mosaics and much more (Ambler, 2019). Roman art was in most ways very close to Greek art because the Romans had a deep appreciation of greek culture after taking over the Greek empire. The main difference found is that Romans strived for a more realistic depiction whereas the Greeks enjoyed applying a more idealistic approach. The Image above is a good example this("Similarities and Differences between Greek and Roman Arts Assignment Example", 2019). See how the sculptor did not shy away from adding wrinkles and other imperfections in the skin.
Links to additional in depth Explanations and articles:
Video:
https://youtu.be/XdXXK_PTkUU
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/beginners-guide-rome/a/introduction-to-ancient-roman-art
Medieval times were known for being a time of great turmoil. The rich were richer while the masses suffered.
The most prominent art forms at this time were:
Christian Art
Islamic Art
Medieval time was known for being a time of extreme turmoil. The common man had very little. Poverty was all over. Biblical themes were often the subject of art. Religious portraits were focused on often ("Christian Art in the Early Middle Ages", 2019). The crucifixion of Jesus Christ is a beloved scene as shown in the image above. Many mediums were used but one very beloved one was stained glass art. This art went through more than one stage. It was divided into the following four sections:
Romanesque
Gothic
Early Christian Art
Byzantine Period
Islamic art was made using inspiration from many other cultures and art forms such as Greek, Christian, Roman and many others. Many different mediums were used for this art: Architecture, glass, paintings, textiles, ceramics and calligraphy("Introduction to Islamic Art Boundless Art History", 2019). This art is known for its geometric shapes and patterns which was influenced by Greek and Roman geometry and patterns and expanded on it. Recurring motifs is a well known characteristic of Islamic art as seen in the image above. It is known as Arabesque ("Islamic art", 2019). Islamic art is very decorative in nature. islamic art makes use of patterns and geometry because spiritual qualities are there to represent nature and objects in this art instead of using the materialistic and physical characteristics in its depiction (Hussain, 2019).
The Renaissance emerged at the end of the Gothic period. Religion was still of great importance at this time. The natural world and individual person was a topic which the society had become much more aware. Humanity was looked at with a deeper appreciation ("Renaissance Art and Architecture Oxford Art", 2019). The Renaissance took western art and rebuilt and changed it according to elements and principles of classical Greek art. The ideas and forms of ancient Rome and Greece was inspirational to the artists of the time ("Renaissance Art: History, Characteristics", 2019). One can see the similarities between Botticelli’s Birth of Venus and ancient Greek art above.
Baroque was a word often used to indicate that something is very detailed or elaborate. Sometimes too detailed for many people. Later Baroque styles like “Rococo” was even more decorative and placed high emphasis on ornamentation. Exaggerated movement is a very definitive characteristic of this art. This made it more dramatic. The chiaroscuro technique was a favourite at this time and can be understood as playing with light and dark ("The Baroque Period Boundless Art History", 2019). In all Baroque art the main goal is to create rich drama. This is easily seen in the image above.
Links to additional in depth Explanations and articles:
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-arthistory/chapter/the-baroque-period/
Emotions and senses were focused on heavily in this period, fact and reason came second. Connecting with nature and the ideal was emphasised. Many countries at the time were more drawn to the less expressive neoclassical way of approaching art. ("Romanticism Movement Overview", 2019). Nature and its power was glorified. Some artists used nature to imitate peace and quiet while some used the tremendous power and violence of nature to evoke strong emotional response to an artwork. These examples show it clearly.
Modernism is an elastic term. Modernism refers to something that is new or ahead of its time. But what is important to understand is that what is seen as modern today for example might not be seen as modern in fifty years from now. It is not possible to note any specific characteristics of Modern art. The reason for this is that modernism lasted for such a long time and went through a great amount of movements each with its own set of characteristics ("Modern Art: History, Characteristics, Movements", 2019). On consistent theme throughout this age was however that function was more important than form. (Clare, 2019). There are many different movements that can actually be seen as modern or contributors to modernism, here are a few:
Bauhaus Movement
Arts and Crafts Movement
American Industrial Dedign
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Postmodern art was a reaction to modernism and wanted to contradict some of the typical modernist characteristics and aspects. Thins like Intermedia, Installation art and Conceptual art were considered to be postmodern movements. Seven Characteristics contribute to what we know as Postmodern art commonly: Bricolage which means to use text as a prominent artistic element, performance art, simplifying, appropriation, collage, reusing themes etc. from the past and lastly removing the devision between high and low arts ("Postmodern art", 2019).