Comparing Nursing Theories

Theorist Gallery

Comparing Nursing Theories

Clinical Scenario

& application of theories

Classic Theorist: Rosemarie Parse

Created the "Human Becoming Theory" published in 1981.

A patient presents to the hospital after a suicidal attempt. It is discovered that he recently divorced and was diagnosed with prostate cancer.

What is "Human Becoming?"

"With humanbecoming, health cannot be given or taken, controlled or manipulated, judged, or diagnosed. Rather, health is the way people live their valuesin accordance with their desires, hopes, and dreams."

(Bournes & Mitchell, 2017, para.18).

9 Assumptions:

1. The human with universe is co-existing while co-constituting rhythmical patterns.

2. The human is open, freely choosing meaning with situation, bearing responsibility for decisions.

3. The human is continually co-constituting patterns.

4. The human is transcending illimitably with possibles.

5. Becoming is human-living-health.

6. Becoming is rhythmically co-constituting human universe.

7. Becoming is the human’s value priority patterns.

8. Becoming is transcending with possibles.

9. Becoming is the human’s emerging.

(Bournes & Mitchell, 2017, para.19).

Centered around three principles:

1. Meaning: choosing personal meaning in situations, and that a person’s reality is given meaning through lived experiences. Person & environment coexist.

2. Rhythmicity: person and environment cocreate rhythmical patterns of relating with eachother.

3. Transcendence: reaching beyond the limits a person sets, and that a person is constantly transforming him or herself.

(Current Nursing, 2020, para.6)

Contemporary Theorist:

Janice Bell

The model is comprised of four macromoves:

• Creating a Context for Changing Beliefs

• Distinguishing Illness Beliefs

• Challenging Constraining Beliefs

• Strengthening Facilitating Beliefs

(Wright & Bell, 2009, p.10)

These macromoves are influenced by micromoves (or interventions) that guide therapeautic conversations with patient and family. (Wright & Bell, 2009, p.10)

Bell's Illness Beliefs Model

Parse's Human Becoming Theory

Creating a Context for Changing Beliefs:

- Ensure a therapeutic environment that is comfortable, and facilitates trust to allow him to speak freely about feelings and emotions

- Establish there is no judgment in his thoughts

Distinguishing Illness Beliefs:

- Explore his beliefs of his recent divorce and prostate cancer diagnosis

- Highlight beliefs that may be causing his emotional distress

Challenging Constraining Beliefs:

- Why does he feel hopeless? Why does he think he can’t surpass these challenges? Why does he think suicide is the path?

- Explore his view on his beliefs, family/friend beliefs, and societal beliefs

- Challenge and reframe his beliefs, emphasizing the potential for healing and support

Strengthening Facilitating Beliefs:

- Identify and reinforce beliefs that can support his coping and resilience.

- Highlight positive aspects of his life such as his personal strengths, and the potential form meaningful connections through this process

Meaning:

- open and empathetic communication to understand the patient's unique meaning and experience of his divorce and recent cancer diagnosis. Exploring his thoughts, emotions, and concerns relating to these life-altering events.

Rhythmicity:

- create environment where patient feels comfrtable to share his feelings and thoughts

- create a healing, safe and comfortable healing environment for him

- involve him in decisions for treatment plan

Transcendence:

- Encourgage him to move beyond the immediate challenges he is facing and foster hope and resilience.

- Envision a future that includes personal growth, healing relationships and the possibility of overcoming challenges.

Created the "Illness Beliefs Model"

published in 2009.

Based on the principle that "it is not necessarily the clinical problem or illness but rather beliefs about the clinical problem or illness that serve as the greatest source of individual and family suffering; furthermore, beliefs also lie at the heart of individual and family healing."

(Wright & Bell, 2009, p.10)

References

Bournes, D., A. & Mitchell, G., J. (2017, January 10). Parse’s Theory of Humanbecoming in Nursing Practice. Nurse Key. https://nursekey.com/parses-theory-of-humanbecoming-in-nursing-practice/

Current Nursing. (2020, April). Human Becoming Theory. https://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Rosemary_Pars_Human_Becoming_Theory.html

Wright L., M. & Bell, J., M. (2009). From Illness Suffering to a Clinical Practice Model for Healing. In Beliefs and Illness: A Model For Healing,

4th Floor Press Inc. https://prism.ucalgary.ca/server/api/core/bitstreams/af27ea38-76e7-4291-8618-2c3755ae9c02/content