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Crimes of Anatomy

Arianna Pace & Adrianne Mendoza

Hippocrates

Andreas Vesalius

Events

Events Part One

William Harvey

18th and 19th centuries

300 B.C

King Ptolemy grants it a-okay for medical types to cut open dead bodies for the purpose of figuring out how bodies work

300 b.c

Egypt

This had to do with egypts tradition of mummification. Bodies were cut open and organs were removed

Criminals

The king allowed physicians to dissect executed criminals. Sometimes allowing the use of live criminals

Hippocrates

He was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the Father of Medicine. He often time refered to tendons as nerves and the brain as a mucus secreting organ. He discovered the basic clinicals of medicine.

Andreas Vesalius

He was a 16th century anatomist who wrote one of the most influential medical books in history. He dissecected hundreds of humans cadevers. Vesalius was one of the first to accurately depict the human anatomy through his detailed drawings and notes

William Harvey

A seventeenth-century anatomist, discovered the human cirulatory system; he would learn this information by dissecting his own father and daughter after their deaths

Private anatomy schools began to flourish and there weren't enough bodies to disect, so the tradition of using the bodies of executed criminals and murderers persists

Sir Astley Cooper

1828 Burke and Hare Killings

Events Part Two

Events Pt. 2

1992 Columbia

Juan Pablo Ordonez

Present

Sir Astley Cooper

Cooper was famously known as one of the best surgeons in the London area (19th century); he's infamously known for the grave digging he did in order to gain his surgical knowledge.

Burke & Hare

William Burke and William Hare were two englishmen who would illegally take dead corpses and sell them to English anatomists. Later on they would actually kill sick strangers which they called "speeding up the process" .

1992 Columbia

The case centered on a garbage scavenger named Oscar Rafael Hernandez, who in March 1992 survived an attempt to murder him and sell his corpse to the local medical school as an anatomy lab specimen. In Columbia, people would murder that they thought were social outcasts such as prostitutes and homeless are referred to as "disposables"

Ordonez investigated the case and claims that Hernandez was one of at least fourteen Barranquilla indi­

gents murdered for medicine-even though an organized

willed body program existed

Present

In present day, we do not do disscetions no where near as prominent as in early centuries. But there are places like Gross anatomy who still dissect cadavers and dead bodies in hopes to gain anatomical knowledge that we could not get from a book. We hope to see more advancements in anatomical disscetions that will lead to a greater medical future.

Tuskegee Experiments

Father of Gynecology

Controversial Contributions

Controversial Contriubutions

18th and 19th centuries

Pernkopf Atlas

Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments

Starting in 1992, the USPHS started to experiment on about 600 black men in Tuskegee, Alabama. They injected about 400 of those men with the disease syphilis. The participants were not informed about what was being injected into them. They were told that they were being treated for diseases. Later in the 1940s Penicilin, a treatment for the disease became widely available in the United States, but was not offered to the particpants in order the experiment to continue.

James Marion Sims

James Marion Sim is often credited for being the Father of Modern Gynecology. In order to get the medical information needed to pioneer, he experimented on enslaved Black women without anethesia. He would perform surgeries to treat conditions such as fistulas

A book often labeled as a "troubled masterpiece". Published in 1937. Author Eduard Pernkopf wrote this book off of his desections of Nazi political prisoners. The pernkopf atlas is still used today by anatomists around the world.

Reflections

Ariannas Reflection

I am absolutely grateful in the amazing advances that have been made in medicine throughout the hundreds and thousands of year. Although, I do not appreciate many of the steps taken to achieve such knowledge. I am a firm believer that if it hurts anyone or anything, it should not be done. We learned much of this medical knowledge at the expense of peoples pain and even their deaths. It is absolutely crucial that we remember the ethical history in honor of those that were hurt or died in the name of science (should not have happened in the first place) and so it does not happen ever again. Learning about these controversial contributions really does open your eyes to some of the atrosity that occured in order for our medical field to be as advanced or even for me to be taking this anatomy class right now.

Ariannas Reflection

Adriannes Reflection

I am grateful that scientists have been able to dissect and experiment with the human body to discover what exactly makes it tick. Many people don't know it but they've greatly contributed to medicine and science. Without the dissections of so many people we wouldn't know where the organs were, how the blood flows, how the brain and spinal cord work together to make the entire body function. These anatomists that discovered the parts of the human body are the reason I am in the class I am in now and without the classes I've taken, I wouldn't want to go into the medical field.

Works Cited

  • "William Harvey And The Discovery Of The Circulation Of The Blood". Vascularcell.Com, 2022, https://vascularcell.com/public/journals/1/articles/13221-01-01-29/13221-01-03_html.html. Accessed 1 Sept 2022.

  • Hutchison, Richard L., and Ghazi M. Rayan. "Astley Cooper: His Life And Surgical Contributions". The Journal Of Hand Surgery, vol 36, no. 2, 2011, pp. 316-320. Elsevier BV, doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.10.036. Accessed 1 Sept 2022.

  • "The Burke And Hare Murders - Real Mary Kings Close". Real Mary Kings Close, 2021, https://www.realmarykingsclose.com/blog/the-burke-and-hare-murders/. Accessed 1 Sept 2022.

  • "Burke And Hare Murders | The Ministry Of History". Theministryofhistory.Co.Uk, 2020, https://www.theministryofhistory.co.uk/short-histories-blog/burke-hare-murders. Accessed 1 Sept 2022.

  • "The ‘Father Of Modern Gynecology’ Performed Shocking Experiments On Enslaved Women". HISTORY, 2022, https://www.history.com/news/the-father-of-modern-gynecology-performed-shocking-experiments-on-slaves. Accessed 1 Sept 2022.

Works Cited

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