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Arianna Pace & Adrianne Mendoza
Hippocrates
Andreas Vesalius
Events Part One
William Harvey
18th and 19th centuries
300 B.C
King Ptolemy grants it a-okay for medical types to cut open dead bodies for the purpose of figuring out how bodies work
He was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the Father of Medicine. He often time refered to tendons as nerves and the brain as a mucus secreting organ. He discovered the basic clinicals of medicine.
He was a 16th century anatomist who wrote one of the most influential medical books in history. He dissecected hundreds of humans cadevers. Vesalius was one of the first to accurately depict the human anatomy through his detailed drawings and notes
A seventeenth-century anatomist, discovered the human cirulatory system; he would learn this information by dissecting his own father and daughter after their deaths
Sir Astley Cooper
1828 Burke and Hare Killings
Events Part Two
1992 Columbia
Juan Pablo Ordonez
Present
Cooper was famously known as one of the best surgeons in the London area (19th century); he's infamously known for the grave digging he did in order to gain his surgical knowledge.
William Burke and William Hare were two englishmen who would illegally take dead corpses and sell them to English anatomists. Later on they would actually kill sick strangers which they called "speeding up the process" .
The case centered on a garbage scavenger named Oscar Rafael Hernandez, who in March 1992 survived an attempt to murder him and sell his corpse to the local medical school as an anatomy lab specimen. In Columbia, people would murder that they thought were social outcasts such as prostitutes and homeless are referred to as "disposables"
In present day, we do not do disscetions no where near as prominent as in early centuries. But there are places like Gross anatomy who still dissect cadavers and dead bodies in hopes to gain anatomical knowledge that we could not get from a book. We hope to see more advancements in anatomical disscetions that will lead to a greater medical future.
Tuskegee Experiments
Father of Gynecology
Controversial Contributions
18th and 19th centuries
Pernkopf Atlas
Starting in 1992, the USPHS started to experiment on about 600 black men in Tuskegee, Alabama. They injected about 400 of those men with the disease syphilis. The participants were not informed about what was being injected into them. They were told that they were being treated for diseases. Later in the 1940s Penicilin, a treatment for the disease became widely available in the United States, but was not offered to the particpants in order the experiment to continue.
James Marion Sims
A book often labeled as a "troubled masterpiece". Published in 1937. Author Eduard Pernkopf wrote this book off of his desections of Nazi political prisoners. The pernkopf atlas is still used today by anatomists around the world.
I am absolutely grateful in the amazing advances that have been made in medicine throughout the hundreds and thousands of year. Although, I do not appreciate many of the steps taken to achieve such knowledge. I am a firm believer that if it hurts anyone or anything, it should not be done. We learned much of this medical knowledge at the expense of peoples pain and even their deaths. It is absolutely crucial that we remember the ethical history in honor of those that were hurt or died in the name of science (should not have happened in the first place) and so it does not happen ever again. Learning about these controversial contributions really does open your eyes to some of the atrosity that occured in order for our medical field to be as advanced or even for me to be taking this anatomy class right now.
I am grateful that scientists have been able to dissect and experiment with the human body to discover what exactly makes it tick. Many people don't know it but they've greatly contributed to medicine and science. Without the dissections of so many people we wouldn't know where the organs were, how the blood flows, how the brain and spinal cord work together to make the entire body function. These anatomists that discovered the parts of the human body are the reason I am in the class I am in now and without the classes I've taken, I wouldn't want to go into the medical field.