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A Lens Into The Past...

Holocaust 1918-1945

Tayana Clark

HIS 127

Spring 2022

1918

  • World War I (1914-1918)
  • Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) vs. Allies (France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy, Japan, and, from 1917, the United States)

  • 50,000 Jews served during World War I

  • June 28th 1919 Treaty of Versailles was signed formally ending the war

1918

1925

  • Adolf Hitler publishes infamous book Mein Kampf ("My Struggle")
  • Claims the international Jewish plot to destroy Germany and dominate the world

1925

1933 - 1934

  • Nazi Party becomes the largest party in Germany government

  • January 30th 1933 Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany

  • Establishment of Dachau Concentration Camp

  • Nazis create series of implications against the Jews.
  • Boycott of Jewish shops and businesses
  • Prohibit Jews from owning land
  • Prohibit Jews from writing in newspapers
  • Ban Jews from serving in the military

and many other professions

1933 1934

Dachau Concentration Camp

1935 - 1937

  • September 1935 Nuremberg Laws
  • Forbid Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans (Germans)
  • Designated Jews as subjects, depriving them of their right for citizenship

1935 1937

1938

1938

  • Nazi Germany invades Austria

  • August 1938 Evian Conference
  • International attempt to solve the refugee problem 29 countries attended

  • November 1938 Kristallnacht aka The Night of Broken Glass
  • Nazi terrorize Jews and riot against their businesses in Germany and Austria.

  • December 1938 Kindertransport (Childrens Transport)
  • Jewish children were moved from

Germany to England

1939

  • September 1939 Germany invades Poland initiating World War II in Europe
  • 3 million poles died from combat operations, bombings, shootings and slave labor

  • Warsaw Jewish quarter in Poland was targeted and sealed into a ghetto ran by German authorities.

1939

1940 & 1941

  • May 1940 Auschwitz Camp established

  • September 1941 decree forcing Jews over age 6 to wear a yellow Star of David in public

  • October 1941 decree restricted permission for emigration

  • December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor, leading U.S. to enter WWII, declaring
  • war on Japan

1940 1941

1942

Auschwitz Concentration Camp

  • Mass killings of Jews using Zyklon-B (gas chambers) began at Auschwitz
  • Bodies being buried in mass graves

  • Mass deportation of Jews from German territory (Dutch, France, Slovakia, Norway) to Auschwitz

  • Operation Reinhard Hitler plans to exterminate Polish Jews

1942

  • The New York Times report over 1 million Jews have already been killed by the

Nazi at this point

1943

1943

  • First big defeat of Hitler Germans

surrender to Russian troops

  • Resistance begins in Warsaw Ghetto

  • March 1943 American Jews hold a mass rally at Madison Square Garden

  • March 1943 Liquidation of ghettos
  • Thousands of Jews were killed or forced out of the ghettos for transport to Auschwitz where new gas chambers are built

  • April 19-30 The Bermuda Conference

U.S. and Britain discuss problem

of refugees

1944

  • January 1944 U.S. President Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9417, creating the War Refugee Board

  • July 1944 German military officers attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler

  • As the Allies fight to liberate concentration camps, Nazi Germany pushes to liquidate them, killing off the Jews in a faster paste using the gas chambers

  • November 1944 Himmler Orders Demolition of Auschwitz Gas Chambers and Crematoria

1944

1945

  • January 1945 Death March from Auschwitz
  • Evacuation of Jews from Auschwitz

  • The Allies liberate Auschwitz and all other concentration camps.

  • April 1945 Hitler commits suicide

  • Germany surrenders to the Allies
  • September 1945 Japan surrenders and WWII officially ends

1945

Work Cited

Goda, Norman. The Holocaust. 2016. 1st ed., Taylor and Francis, 2016, https://www.perlego.com/book/1570507/the-holocaust-pdf

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://www.ushmm.org/learn

The History Place, https://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/timeline.html

Work Cited

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