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The Chicago School of Criminology
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The Chicago School of Criminology
Samantha Floyd
April 28th, 2020
SOCY 3173
The Beginnings
The Chicago School of Criminology is one of the most valid and geeneralizable theories in criminological history
Chicago leaders and educators needed theorhetical guidence to develop solution to their communal crime issues
The sociology department of The University of Chicago became prominent and dominant in Chicago to develop soltuions to the crime issues in thr city.
Early 1900's
Robert E. Park: Ecological Principles
First relevant proposed model within the school was presented by Robert E. Park
His criminological thought claomed that much of human behavior (especially the way a city grows) follows the basic principles off ecology that had been documented and applied to wildlife for many years at that point
1920- 1930
City Growth
Park claimed that cities represent a type of complex organism that has a sense of unity formed from the interrelations among citizens and groups in the city.
Park proposed that the growth of cities follows a natural pattern and evolution.
Park noted that some areas (or species) may invade and dominate adjacent areas, causing the recession of previously dominate areas (or species)
Ernest W. Burgess:
Concentric Circles
Burgess proposed a theory of city growth in which cities were seen as growing not simply on the edges but from the inside outward.
Burgess claimed that the source of the growth is in the center of the city.
The growth of the inner city puts pressure on the adjacent zones of the city, which in turn begin to grow into the next adjacent zone
Shaw and McKay's Theory of Social Disorganization
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay devised a theory of social disorganization that became known as the Chicago School of Theory.
Shaw and McKay proposed a framework that began with the assumption that certain neighborhoods in all cities have more crime than other parts of the city( mostly located in Burgess's Zone II, zone in transition) Due to the invasion of factories.
Shaw and McKay's model was that they demonstrated that teh prevalence and frequency of various social ills, such as poverty, low birth rate, disease, and other problems
1940's
A key development of cultural theory has been largely attributed to Franco Ferracuti and Marvin E. Wolfgang.
Examined the violent themes of a group of inner city youth of Philadelphia. Their primary conclusion was that violence is culturally learned adaptation to deal with negative life circumstances and that learning such norms occurs in a environment that emphasizes violence over other options
Ferracuti &Wolfgang: Cultural/Subcultural Theory
1960-1970
Walter Miller: Subculture Theory
Miller presented a theoretical model that proposed that the entire lower class has its own cultural value system.
In this model, virtually everyone in the lower class believed in and socialized the values of six focal concerns: fate, autonomy, trouble, toughness, excitement, and smartness
Miller claimed that these six focal concerns were emphasized and taught by members of the lower class as a culture or environment
Elijah Anderson: Subculture Model
This theory focuses on African Americans and the claims that due to deprived conditions in theinner cities, black Americans feel a sense of hopelessness, isolation, and despair.
Anderson clearly notes that while many black Americans believe in middle-class values, these values have no value on the street, particularly among young males.