Zoology Luke Spiers

Characteristics of Calcarea

• Spicules made of calcium carbonate
• Asconoid or synconoid morphology

Class Calcerea

Purse Sponge: Sycon ciliatum Habitat: Coastal ocean

Range: Eastern fringes of Atlantic Ocean

Characteristics of Hexactinallida

• Glass sponges; made of spicules made of silica
• May be bioluminscent
• Ascenoid morphology

Class Hexactinallida

Venus' Flower Basket: Euplectella aspergilum

Habitat: Deep Pacific Ocean

Range: Near the Phillippines

Characteristics of Demospongieae

• Skeletons are composed of spongin fibers and silica spicules
• Can be leuconoid, ascenoid, or synconoid

Class Demospongieae

Spongilla lacustris

Habitat: Shallow, slow moving waters

Range: North America, Asia

Characteristics of Scyphoza

• Jellyfishes
• Large medusae
• Minute sessile polyps
• Move by rhythmic muscular contractions of the bell

Class Scyphoza

Moon Jelly: Aurelia aurita

Habitat: Close to shore in harbors

Range: North America

Characteristics of Cubozoa

• Small meduse
• Tentacles armed with very powerful nematocysts that may cause death in humans
• Most advanced eye-spots, including some with eye stalks
• Called the box jellyfish

Class Cubozoa

Chironex fleckeri

Habitat: Coastal waters

Range: Austrailia to Phillippines

Characteristics of Anthozoa

• Corals and sea anemones
• Most are sessile
• Single or colonial polyps without a medusa
• Symbiotic algae in their tissues

Class Anthozoa

Starlet Sea anemone: Nematostella vectensis

Habitat: Off of the coasts

Range: Eastern US

Characteristics of Hydrozoa

• Small freshwater hydrozoans
• Solitary polyps
• Reproduce by budding
• Can move by tumbling

Class Hydrozoa

Tubular hydroid

Habitat: Temperate coastal waters

Range: North America

Characteristics of Turbellaria

• Have ganglia in their heads
• Predators
• Free living

Class Turbellaria

Girardia tigrina

Habitat: Anywhere

Range: America

Characteristics of Trematoda

Class Trematoda

• Parasites
• Leech-like bodies with a sucker at each end
• Two-branched gut that extends through the body. Doesn't have long pharynx

Characteristics of Cestoda

Class Cestoda

• Proglottids
• Scolex: Body part that links the parasite to it's host
• Parasites

Characteristics of Monogenea

Class Monogenea

• Ectoparasites found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish
• Direct life cycle and do not require intermediate host
• Some are oviparous and some are oviviparous

Characteristics of Bivalvia

• Soft body enclosed between two valves
• Filter feeders
• No head or radula
• Muscular foot located near anterior surface
• Most are sessile
• Incurrent and excurrent siphons

Class Bivalvia

Zebra Mussel: Dreissena polymorpha

Range: Great lakes region

Conservation Status: LC

Characteristics of Gastropoda

• Single coiled shell that sits above visceral mass
• Radula in mouth for grazing
• Muscular foot on ventral surface, used for locomotion
• Head with sensory tentacles

Class Gastropoda

Burgundy Snail: Helix pomatia

Range: Anywhere 2000m below sea lvl

Conservation Status: LC

Characteristics of Cephalopoda

• Foot is modified into arms and tentacles with suckers
• Radula is beak-like jaw to rip prey
• Siphon to expel water
• Ink in squid and octopus to confuse predators
• Chromatophores: color changing cells

Class Cephalopoda

Caribbean Reef Squid: Sepioteuthis sepioidea

Range: Caribbean reef

Conservation Status: LC

Characteristics of Asteroidea

• Have a central disc in center of body surrounded by 5 arms
• Internal organs extended through entire body, including arms
• Calcium carbonate plates are in skin making it slightly fllexible
• Mostly carnivores

Class Asteroidea

Forbes' Sea Star: Asterias forbesi

Range: Atlantic Ocean

Conservation Status: Extinct

Characteristics of Holothuroidea

• Worm-like with mouth and anus on opposite ends and five rows of tube feet on one side
• Radial symmetry
• Skin embedded with calcareous spicules
• Deposit feeders
• Evisceration

Class Holothuroidea

Holothuria atra

Range: On all sorts of ocean floor

Conservation Status: LC

Characteristics of Crinoidea

• Sea lillies, feather stars
• Five or more arms that branch out for suspension feeding
• Mostly in deep water

Class Crinoidea

Elegant Feather Star: Tropiometra carinata

Range: South African Coast

Conservation Status: Least concern

Characteristics of Polychaeta

• Each body segment has a pair of protrusions called parapodia
• Bristle worms
• Calcareous tube worms

Class Polychaeta

Lugworm: Arenicola marina

Range: In beaches of sand

Habitat: In sand

Characteristics of Clitellata

• Clitellum: A raised band encircling the body
• Monoecious
• Few or no setae

Class Clitellata

Characteristics of Chelicerata

• Body divided into 2 regions
• They lack jaws
• Have 6 appendages in pairs and no antennae.

Subphylum Chelicerata

Characteristics of Pycnogonida

Class Pycnogonida

• Four pairs of long legs attachted to 4 trunks
• The moth opening is often longer than the body

Characteristics of Arachnida

• Most species parasitic or predatory
• Many possess book lungs for gas exchange
• Chelicera in form of fangs that may deliver venom

Class Arachnida

Goliath Birdeater: Theraphosa blondi

Habitat: In the forest and desert

Range: South America, Austrailia

Characteristics of Vertabrata

• Chordates with a spinal column
• Distinguished from nonvertabrates by: Head, Vertebral column
• Neutral crest
• Jaws
• Internal organs
• Endoskeleton

Subphylum Vertebrata

Eurasian Carp:

Cyprinus carpio

Habitat/Range: In all waters and in coastal areas of the Aral Seas

CS: LC

Subphylum Cephalochordata

Subphylum Urochordata