Introducing 

Prezi AI.

Your new presentation assistant.

Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.

Loading…
Transcript

Disease Prevention: Smallpox

by Devin Blair

What is smallpox?

Smallpox was an extremely contagious disease caused by the Variola Virus. It spread throughout the world from the 6th century through the 18th century. It was contracted through physical contact and bodily fluids.

What is smallpox?

Symptoms

Consumer Perspectives

The first sign of smallpox was a high fever, head and body aches. That overtime develop into red bumps all over your body, they fill with puss and turn into blisters. Once the blisters scab over they fall off leaving hole shaped scars.

Symptoms

Predicted immune response

Predictive immune response

Predictive immunity is what happens when your immune system is exposed to the same virus multiple times, building up a tolerance it it. The idea of the smallpox vaccine comes from exposing the body to a small dose of the vaccinia virus to give the immune system a chance to fight it off. It does not actually give you the disease, but it exposes you to a similar infectant. This provides future immunity to contact with the virus.

Adaptive immunity to smallpox

Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immunity created by the smallpox vaccine comes from a small amount of the live vaccinia virus. This administration of the virus built up immunity through exposure. There would often be a large lump, a characteristic of smallpox, at the vaccination site. This was thought to be proof that the vaccination took and you were protected.

Human's innate immunity to smallpox

Innate Immunity

Humans are originally born with some innate immunity to pox viruses. The virus targets organelles like cytokines, chemokines, and TLRs. But luckily our body has natural receptors to protect these pathways. So between the innate response and the adaptive immunity provided by the vaccine the body is prepared to fight the virus.

Vaccine info

Smallpox vaccine

The smallpox vaccine works by stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies and cells in the body to fight a possible infection. It is administered through a special 2 pronged needle. You are unable to get the vaccine now since smallpox has been eradicated. But the idea of the smallpox vaccine has changed the course of history and inspired many other vaccines, such as polio and the COVID-19 vaccine.

How was it developed?

History of the vaccine

The smallpox vaccine was originally developed in 1996. It was derived from the puss of a cowpox blister. It was scratched into the skin of a young boy. Originally a blister appeared on the site of vaccination, but no more appeared. A few months later the same boy was then shot with the vaccinia virus, to which no blisters or signs of disease formed. The vaccine became popular through a government campaign and smallpox became the first disease to be eradicated world wide.

Sources

References

Chamberlain, N. (2005, May 13). What is smallpox. ATSU. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.atsu.edu/faculty/chamberlain/bioterror/smallpox.htm

The immunology of smallpox vaccines. (2009, June 11). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved November 19, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826713/

Smallpox. (n.d.). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.cdc.gov/smallpox/transmission/index.html

Smallpox. (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/smallpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20353027

Smallpox vaccine. (n.d.). Virginia Department of Health. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/epidemiology-fact-sheets/smallpox-vaccine/

Learn more about creating dynamic, engaging presentations with Prezi