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Concluison
Attachment Theory
Nature versus Nurture
Critical Periods
Attachment theory posits that early relationships with caregivers are crucial for social and emotional development. Genie's severe isolation and lack of a primary attachment figure had devastating effects on her ability to form relationships and develop social skills. Her case illustrates how critical early bonds are for emotional and social health. Without a stable, nurturing caregiver, Genie struggled with basic social interactions and emotional regulation, highlighting the vital role of secure attachments in early development.
Genie's severe developmental delays were not due to any inherent genetic deficits but rather the result of extreme environmental deprivation. This underscores the importance of nurture, or environmental factors, in shaping human development. Genie's situation highlights how detrimental environments can drastically alter developmental trajectories, regardless of an individual's innate potential. Conversely, her case also demonstrates the limits of nurture; despite significant efforts to provide a nurturing environment after her rescue, her early deprivation had lasting effects that could not be entirely fixed.
The critical period hypothesis suggests that there are specific windows of time during which certain skills, particularly language acquisition, must be developed for typical outcomes. Despite intensive efforts to teach Genie language skills after her discovery, she never achieved full linguistic competence. This supports the idea that the ability to acquire language is highly dependent on early exposure and interaction during a critical developmental window. Genie's lack of exposure to language during her formative years severely limited her linguistic abilities, illustrating the crucial role of early experiences in language development.
Resilience
Social Isolation's Effects on Development
Despite the severe abuse and neglect she experienced, Genie's case also highlights aspects of human resilience. Her ability to learn some language skills, develop basic social interactions, and show emotional responses after years of isolation demonstrates the potential for recovery and adaptation, even in extreme cases. This resilience points to the inherent capacity for growth and change in humans, even when early experiences are profoundly negative.
Genie's extreme social isolation had profound impacts on her overall development, demonstrating the importance of social interaction for cognitive and emotional growth. The lack of interaction with others during her early years led to severe deficits in social, linguistic, and cognitive skills. This aligns with theories suggesting that human development is inherently social and that isolation can impede normal developmental processes. Genie's case provides a stark example of how essential social interaction is for healthy development.
Ipek Arabacı
Introduction
Purpose of the presentation
Children with disordered or inhumane behaviour who have been raised in an abusive environment and have been deprived from social interaction are referred to as "wild-child" or "feral child"
"our morality doesn’t allow us to conduct deprivation experiments with human beings; these unfortunate people are all we have to go on."
-Harlan Lane
Genie's case raises significant ethical issues regarding research with vulnerable populations. The extensive studies conducted on her, while contributing to scientific knowledge, also brought up questions about her consent, privacy, and well-being. Her exploitation as a research subject underscores the importance of ethical standards in psychological research, particularly the need to prioritize the well-being and rights of individuals over scientific gains. Researchers must balance the pursuit of knowledge with the responsibility to protect and respect their subjects.
The purpose of this presentation is to analyze Genie's case study in order to understand the meaning behind her psychological state after deprivation and associate it with certain psychological concepts.
Victor of Aveyron
Background Information & Case Presentation
References
Cherry, K. (2024, March 18). The Story of Genie Wiley. verywellmind: https://www.verywellmind.com/genie-the-story-of-the-wild-child-2795241 adresinden alındı
ND. (2023, October 6). Chomsky’s Universal Grammar. practicalpie.com: https://practicalpie.com/chomskys-universal-grammar/ adresinden alındı
ND. (2023, September 13). Genie - The Feral Child. practicalpie.com: https://practicalpie.com/genie-the-feral-child/ adresinden alındı
After Study
Genie's Discovery
Genie's Physical Condition
Genie, who is often referred to as the “feral child” has endured extreme cases of deprivation, isolation, and abuse in her formative years. The effects of deprivation during early development and the societal influence on an individual's upbringing can be explored through the complexities of a feral child’s developmental trajectory.
Various psychological topics such as “the critical period hypothesis”, “ Language acquisition”, “developmental psychology” and “the attachment theory” are associated with Genie's case. All of the mentioned psychological topics include insight into deep-rooted issues originating from a person's childhood, therefore they will provide various perspectives on Genie’s case.
Interventions & Rehabilitation
Genie's Case Study
Genie’s extreme case of abuse and deprivation attracted the attention of many psychologists and was associated with studies about critical periods, developmental stages, linguistic development, and many more.
Conflicts in Treatment
One of the most famous wild children is "Victor of Aveyron" .
He is considered to be a feral child because he was raised in the wilderness until the age of 9, when he was found.
Victor's animal-like behaviour patterns attracted the attention of psychologists and initiated the study regarding the environmental influence on individuals and critical periods.
Susan Wiley, also known as Genie, was born in 1957, in California. She spent the first thirteen years of her life being locked and strapped inside a room in her house. Her father, who was mentally unstable, confined Genie to a potty chair where she also ate and slept, and continuously abused her when she made a sound. Her father communicated with her by barking and growling. Genie's underdeveloped language acquisition lead to communication barriers later into her life, enabling her from acquiring ordinary speech.
https://youtu.be/fOIxtEigaZs?si=iusK7jRGevoWlQVQ
https://youtu.be/Cp5bzVNTnOs?si=LI7INeqXBu5k9jLo
Genie was thirteen years old when she was discovered and she had visible physical and psychological trauma when she was found. Her bodily functions were described to be animal-like and she was silent most of the time. Her lack of communication through sounds can be associated with her father's abusive behavior towards her when she vocalized. She is described as having a jumping walk and a malnourished figure that caused people to think she was only six years old when she was fourteen years of age. Genie did not receive any type of education as she was kept inside. Her linguistic abilities didn’t develop in her formative stages, leaving her with a limited understanding of language. Her father commited suicide after her discovery leaving behind a note saying: "The world will never understand."
https://youtu.be/gvSMgi23F3o?si=FyWRTaPt4E-JtPwT
Genie attracted many researchers and her case soon became a contest between psychologists.
Many researchers wanted to study Genie's rare case and her treatments started to get effected by the conflicts.
One of Genie's teachers, Jean Butler, wanted to achieve success and fame though her and was later dismissed from the case.
Genie was returned to her mother in 1975, and her mother put her in foster care where she continued to be abused, leading to regression in her development