Physics in Ice-skating

Introduction

In this presentation about ice-skating I am going to talk about:

- What is Ice-skating

- Forces

- Types

- Gear and Equipment

- History

Ice-skating was originally developed in the Netherlands by Jackson Hainess. Ice-skating was first a big competition in 1908 and it is still one of the populist sports today. Dutch people found out that when you ice-skate the blade leaves traces or markings. So the Dutch people had a contest, who could create the prettiest design on the ice.

Forces in Ice-skating

Friction- An ice-skater moves against the ice by using friction. Friction allows an ice-skater move easily against the ice because if the ice-skater is on an angle they can move quicker and move easily because there blade digs into the ice which lets them balance and turn. If there is less friction then the ice-skater just stays and moves forward.

Gravity- An ice-skater uses gravity when they need to push off the ice, and accelerate faster. The skater increases the gravity force, so they can jump and then land back down on the ice.

Air-resistance- An ice-skater doesn't use air resistance it is just there. Air resistance is based on how big you are or how small you are. Air resistance or drag is based on how your body is. If you are smaller then you have less air resistance on the ice and if your bigger you have more air resistance on the ice.

Normal Force- Normal Force is the reaction force on a object in the opposite direction.

Example: When an ice-skater uses Friction on the ice to jump the Normal Force is pushing down on the skater so they can land safely.

Figure Skating

Figure skating has been an Olympic event since 1908. That was before there were separate summer and winter Olympic Games. Figure skating has become one of the most popular sports in the Winter Games.

Figure skaters perform routines that involve jumps, spins, and dance moves. They perform the routines to music. Judges decide the winner in contests of figure skating. The skaters are judged on how well they do their routines. They are also judged on how artistic they are.

Until the 1990s figure skaters were also judged on figures, or patterns, that they had to make with their skates on the ice. This was how figure skating got its name.

I think Figure Skating has the greatest amount of friction, because an ice-skater has to apply friction force when they jump,so, when they jump they can get back down.

Speed Skating

Speed skating and short-track speed skating are racing events. Speed skating has been an Olympic sport since 1924. Short-track races were first held at the 1992 Olympics. Speed skaters race two at a time around a track, but they do not race each other. Instead, after all the competitors have skated, the skater with the fastest time wins. Short-track racers compete against each other. Several skaters race around a short track in a high-speed dash to the finish line. Teams of four compete in short-track relay races. The teammates take turns racing around the track.

I also think speed skating has the greatest amount of applied force, because a speed skater applies force to him/her self,so, they skate really fast.

Ice Hockey

Ice-hockey is a game played on an ice rink that has a goal net at each end. The point of this game is to hit a hard rubber dish called a puck, into the other team's net with an ice hockey stick, usually made of wood. Each team can have 22 players, but only 6 people can be on the ice at once. These includes 3 forwards (people who try to score) 2 defense men (people that protect the goal) and a goaltender or a goalkeeper ( A person who saves the goals). The aim of the game is trying the forwarders try to score while the defense men try to help the goaltender save the goal and the goaltender just tries to save the goals. Players often crash into each other but since they are wearing protective gear they can't feel a thing. Each game consists of 3 periods of 20 minutes with 15 minute breaks. Did you know ice hockey is named "The fastest sport on Earth".

Figure

For Figure Skating you

need:

Soakers- Your skates should be packed in your skate bag and covered in soakers. Moist soakers can make your blade rusty.Every figure skater should have a pair of ice skate guards inside his or her skate bag.

Skate Guards- The blades will be ruined if they touch concrete, wood, grass, or any surface other than ice, rubber, or carpet, Every figure skater should have a pair of ice skate guards inside his or her skate bag. The blades will be ruined if they touch concrete, wood, grass, or any surface other than ice, rubber, or carpet.

Gloves- Every figure skater needs a pair or two of gloves during practice. In addition to keeping their hands warm, gloves protect a skater's hands if he or she fall on the ice.

Towel/Rag- A clean towel or rag should be packed inside a figure skater's skate bag so that the skater can thoroughly wipe the blades and boots to keep them clean and dry.

Music- Most figure skaters practice a program set to music at every practice session.

Notebook- Some figure skaters carry a copy of their figure skating federation's rule book with them in their bags.

Tissues- Ice rinks are cold, which tends to cause runny noses.

Jacket- It might not be cold outside, but it will be inside by the rink. You could need a jacket as you're getting started or finishing, or both.

Water Bottle- Figure skaters need to stay hydrated during practice, so it's a good idea to pack a water bottle for the rink.

Last thing you need for figure skating is a costume that you need to wear if you are competing.

Skin Suit- Players need Skin Suits to wear because it is really thin so they can easily race in them.

Skates- Players obviously need to wear skates because they are on the ice.

Knee Pads- So if they fall on the ice they wouldn't hurt themselves.

Helmet- So if they fall against the hard barriers they might not feel a thing.

Glasses- So when they skate the ice that came out of the ice wouldn't go in their ice.

Gloves- To protect them from the cold ice.

Neck Pad- So they don't hurt their neck on the ice or the barriers.

Shin Pads- So if they fall the skate doesn't affect them or others at all.

Speed

Hockey

Ice-hockey helmet- Ice-hockey player need them because they crash a lot and they could hurt there head.

A Puck- So they can practice scoring goals during there free time.

An Elbow Pad- Worn under the shirt, so they protect players from grazed, bruised or a broken elbow.

Shoulder and Chest Pad- Protects players from shoulder and chest injuries.

Gloves- Players wear gloves so if they fall they don't freeze there fingers and the gloves are also used for so they don't hurt there fingers.

Ice-Skates- Players obviously where ice-skates because they play on the ice.

Leg Pads- To protect players shins and knees from any sort of injuries.

Goaltender Stick- So they can protect the goals. Goaltender sticks are much wider so it is easier to save a goal.

Players Stick- Players need sticks so they can try and score and so they can hit the puck against the ice.