Year 10 Engineering

How The Course Is Set Up

Engineering Disciplines

Definitions & Links

Hydraulics

Hydraulics is the use of liquid to increase pressure and force.

Minimal effort, for a greater load

Using examples I want you to explain how hydraulics work, and how you think they have impacted the modern world? What are the benefits of this system? What are the limitations of this system?

Hydraulics

Gears

Gears are used for 3 different things:

• To transmit power from one place to another
• To increase the power/force
• To increase the speed

Gears

Link the example to the use of gears:

• Going downhill on a bike. You don't need much effort to increase speed
• You pedal your bike and the gears transmits the power you create to the back wheel
• Merry-Go-Round, a small gear spins quickly which is attached to a large gear. This moves slowly but has a lot of power behind it.

Pulleys

There are 4 different types of pulley

Pulleys

Pulley systems are used to lift heavy objects using less force, by using more rope.

They are used in:

• Lifts / elevators
• Cranes
• Roofing
• Sailing
• Rock Climbing

Recap

Recap

Put the subtitle 'Recap' and answer the following questions in full sentences.

• What are the 3 areas of mechanical engineering that we looked at?
• What are the advantages to hydraulic systems and where are they commonly used?
• What are the 3 ways we can use gears?
• If we want to reduce the number of gears, and friction, what 2 drive systems can we use?
• How can I increase the mechanical advantage of a pulley system? What do I need to increase the length of to do this though?

Electrical Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of electrical engineering.

What do you think the future holds for electrical engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Using your whiteboards and pens. I am going to ask you a question. In your team you all have to have the correct answer and hold up your boards. First team with all the correct answer get a point

Aerospace Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of aerospace engineering.

What do you think the future holds for aerospace engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Q & A

• What are the 3 sub-sections of mechanical engineering
• What are the 3 sub-sections of aerospace engineering
• What are the 3 sub-sections of electrical engineering

Communication Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of communication engineering.

What do you think the future holds for communication engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Answer the following questions in your book. Either copy the question and answer it, or do it as a paragraph.

• What engineering discipline does fibre optic go under?
• What engineering discipline does Integrated Circuits go under?
• How have household electrical devices impacted the modern world?

Chemical Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of chemical engineering.

What do you think the future holds for chemical engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Stand up and close your eyes.

I am going to ask you a question with 2 answer.

One answer you'll put your hands on your head, the other on your backside.

If you are wrong, you are out

Civil Engineering

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of civil engineering.

What do you think the future holds for civil engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Sub Categories

Recap

Get out your whiteboards, the first one to write down the correct answer and hold it up gets a point

Recap

Automotive Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of automotive engineering.

What do you think the future holds for automotive engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Copy the question and answer. This is a 9 mark exam question

Chemical engineering has led to new prodcuts & projects which have solves problems and shaped them modern world.

Discuss the impact of developments in chemcial engineering on the modern world.

Biomedical Engineering

Sub Categories

We are going to look at each of the 3 sub-categories of biomedical engineering.

What do you think the future holds for biomedical engineering? Where will the next big development be?

Recap

Recap

Copy the question and answer. This is a 9 mark exam question

Explain what technological advances there have been between the 2 forms of commercial aircraft shown and discuss how these advances have impacted the modern world

Software Engineering

Programming - Systems - Applications

Sub Categories

In full sentences you are going to answer the following questions:

What is computer programming?

How were computers originally programmed? What did the holes stand for?

How was this system developed, and how did this impact the modern world?

How did IBM develop the first system, how was the data stored?

How did this stored data allow other software to work?

Why was MS-Dos created?

What were the first applications used for?

How were these installed onto the computer, and how did this develop over time?

How have applications impacted the modern world?

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have the remainder of this lesson to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

9 Marker

9 Marker

In the final exam you will have 3 9-mark questions that can make a huge difference to your mark.

Think of this as 3 3-markers

3 marks for knowledge recall

3 marks for knowledge application

3 marks for analysis/conclusion

You have got 2 9 mark questions to glue in your book. The first one we'll go through together. The second you'll do on your own.

Recap

Make a list of how household appliances have helped improve the modern world?

Recap

Identifying Risks/Hazards

Hazards are anything that can cause harm, damage or adverse health effects to people in the workplace

Risks are the likelihood of a person being injured or receiving an adverse health effect due to a hazard.

Identifying Risks/Hazards

You have been given 4 different workplace images. For each one do the following:

Minimum: List all of the hazards in the image and give it a risk rating (usually 1-5 or low, medium, high)

Extension: For each hazard explain what could go wrong

Challenge: For each hazard suggest what could be done to lower the risk.

This can be done as a table, a paragraph, or a spider diagram

It is due to hazardous activities that legislation has developed and is applied in all engineering disciplines to:

• Protect the well being of employers, visitors and customers
• Make good business sense and avoid risk to reputation or loss of profit
• Safeguard against neglect which could result in risk prosecution

PPE

PPE

It is due to hazardous activities that legislation has developed and is applied in all engineering disciplines to:

• Protect the well being of employers, visitors and customers
• Make good business sense and avoid risk to reputation or loss of profit
• Safeguard against neglect which could result in risk prosecution

Task - What PPE do you need for the following machines & why?

• Pillar Drill
• Disc Sander
• Welder

Recap

Recap

What is the difference between a risk and a hazard?

What are the 9 Engineering disciplines?

What does PPE stand for?

HASAWA

HASAWA

The Health and Safety at Work Act (HASAWA) is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in Great Britain. The Health and Safety Executive, along with local authorities (and other enforcing authorities) is responsible for enforcing the Act

The Act sets out the general duties

• employers to their employees
• employers and self-employed to persons other than their employees
• employees at work

Copy and answer the question:

Why is HASAWA important?

Discuss the employer, the employee, and the legal ramifications should you not follow it.

Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

The main requirement on employers is to carry out a risk assessment.

Employers with five or more employees need to record the significant findings of the risk assessment and do the following:

• Make arrangements to resolve the health and safety risks identified
• Appoint a capable person to put in place any health and safety arrangements
• Set up emergency procedures
• Provide clear information and training to employees

The 5 points that need discussing in a risk assessment are:

• What is the hazard?
• Who is likely to be affected?
• What is the risk?
• What control measures are in place
• What else can be done to minimise the risk

You are going to complete a risk assessment for T4.

Think of the following:

Layout of the room

Tools & Machines

Wood/Metal Finishes

Electronics

Recap

What are the technological advancements of a Tesla car? Remember to compare this modern car to everything that went before. For each point explain how this benefits us.

Recap

Acronyms

Within Health & Safety there are numerous regulations that are turned into acronyms for ease

For each regulation I want you copy out the text in bold and then define what it means, explain why it is important, and what could happen if it wasn't taken into account.

Regulations

Recap

Recap

Copy out and answer the following:

• What was the railway initially made for?
• Make a list of technological advancements in aircraft
• Make a list of advantages to a hydraulic system

Machine Safety

Machine Safety

Moving machinery can cause injuries in many ways:

• People can be struck and injured by moving parts of machinery. Parts of the body can also be drawn in or trapped between rollers, belts and pulley drives
• Sharp edges can cause cuts and severing injuries, sharp-pointed parts can cause stabbing or puncture the skin, and rough surface parts can cause friction or abrasion
• People can be crushed, both between parts moving together or towards a fixed part of the machine, wall or other object, and two parts moving past one another can cause shearing
• Electricity can cause electrical shock and burns
• Injuries can also occur due to machinery becoming unreliable and developing faults or when machines are used improperly through inexperience or lack of training

Recap

Recap

What do the following regulations stand for and why are they important?

• HASAWA
• PPE
• MHOR
• COSHH
• RIDDOR

RIDDOR

RIDDOR

You are going to the watch the video of the accident and then fill out a RIDDOR form as if you are the person in charge of the workshop and those involved were your apprentices.

Job Title: Workshop Foreman

Name of Organisation: North Fabrications

Type of Work: Fabricating

COSHH

You are going to link up each of the COSHH symbols with their definitions

You are then going to copy them out underneath the image stuck in your books.

COSHH

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have the remainder of this lesson to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Common Faults

Common Faults

We're going to go through the questions that the majority had issues with.

Once we've gone through the common errors, you are going to copy out the question and answer it correctly in green pen

SI Units

Imperial/Metric Mixups

Introduction

Every discipline of engineering involves taking measurements, understanding them and then communicating them to others.

Which means, with global trading, we all have to speak the same basic language, to provide a consistent way of communicating size, mass, shape, temperature, time, amount, energy, power, and speed.

The SI system is used around the world.

The 7 basic units in the SI system are:

Ampere: Electric Current

Candela: Luminous Intensity

Kelvin: Temperature

Kilogram: Mass

Metre: Distance

Mole: Amount of Substance

Second: Time

Ampere

Abbreviation - A

Ampere

The ampere (A) is a measure of the amount of electric charge passing a point in an electric circuit per unit time.

Ampere units of measurements are:

• micro amps
• milliamps
• amps
• kilo amps

Candela

Abbreviation - cd

Candela

The candela (cd) was so named to refer to “candlepower” back in the days when candles were the most common source of illumination.

Now, with the replacement by incandescent and fluorescent light sources, the candela is defined as the luminous intensity in a given direction of a source that emits.

Candela units of measurements are:

• micro Candela
• milli Candela
• candela

Abbreviation - K

Kelvin

Kelvin

The kelvin (K) is the unit of the thermodynamic temperature scale.

This scale starts at 0 K. The incremental size of the kelvin is the same as that of the degree on the Celsius scale.

0 K = -273.15 Degrees Celcius

0 K = -459.67 Degrees Fahrenheit

Kelvin units of measurements are:

• kelvin
• degrees celsius (Not a kelvin unit, but accepted for use within the SI)

Kilogram

Abbreviation - Kg

2019

Kilogram

The kilogram (kg) was originally defined as the mass of a litre (1/1000 of m).

However it is now defined by a mass of a platinum-iridium.

This piece of metal is stored by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures in Sevres, France and used as a sample by which the kilogram is defined.

Kilogram units of measurements are:

• kilogram
• gram
• milligram

Recap

Recap

Answer the following questions:

• What does RIDDOR stand for?
• What discipline of engineering would a smartphone be associated with?
• What are the 5 parts of a risk assessment

Metre

Abbreviation - m

Metre

The metre (m) was originally defined as 1/10,000,000 of the distance from the Earth’s equator to the North Pole measured on the circumference through Paris.

In modern terms, it is defined as the distance travelled by light in a vacuum over a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second.

Kilogram units of measurements are:

• micrometre
• millimetre
• centimetre
• metre
• kilometre

Mole

Abbreviation - mol

Mole

The mole (mol) is a quantity which is sometimes referred to as the chemical amount.

In Latin mole means a "massive heap" of material.

Atoms and molecules are incredibly small and even the smallest chemical sample will contain an unimaginable number and counting them in a sample is impossible.

It is easier to think of a chemical mole by visualising a mole as a pile of atoms and molecules.

Mole units of measurements are:

• nano mole
• micromole
• milli mole
• mole

Seconds

Abbreviation - s

2016

Second

The second (s) is commonly understood and historically defined as ​1⁄86400 of a day.

This factor derived from the division of the day first into 24 hours, then to 60 minutes and finally to 60 seconds each.

The second is also part of several other units of measurement like meters per second for velocity, meters per second per second for acceleration, and cycles per second for frequency.

Second units of measurements are:

• microsecond
• milliseconds
• seconds
• minutes (Not a second unit, but accepted for use within the SI)
• Hours (Not a second unit, but accepted for use within the SI)

Example

Example

What SI Units of measurement would be needed in the design/manufacture of this car?

Why would you need to use that SI unit of measurement?

• ampere (A), for electric current
• candela (cd), for luminous intensity
• kelvin (K), for temperature
• kilogram (kg), for mass
• metre (m), for distance
• mole (mol), for the amount of a substance
• second (s), for time

Task

Task

What SI Units of measurement would be needed in the design/manufacture of each product?

Why would you need to use that SI unit of measurement?

ampere (A), for electric current

candela (cd), for luminous intensity

kelvin (K), for temperature

kilogram (kg), for mass

metre (m), for distance

mole (mol), for the amount of a substance

second (s), for time

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have 20 minutes to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Recap

Recap

• Name 3 reasons why an employee is trained on new machinery?
• What are the 5 points of a Risk Assessment?
• What does RIDDOR stand for and what is it used for?

3 Equations For Energy

Energy

Efficiency (%) = (useful energy out ÷ total energy in) x 100%

Power = energy (or work done) ÷ time

p = e ÷ t

Work Done = force x distance

w = f x d

Energy

Energy is the ability to do work and comes in different forms

• Heat (thermal)
• Light (radiant)
• Motion (kinetic)
• Electrical
• Chemical
• Nuclear energy
• Gravitational

We are specifically interested in the equations we use to calculate these different forms of energy.

Forces & Motion

Forces & Motion

speed = distance ÷ time

s = d ÷ t

force = mass x acceleration

f = m x a

weight = mass x gravity

w = m x g

density = mass ÷ volume

d = m ÷ v

pressure = force ÷ area

p = f ÷ a

momentum = mass x velocity

p = m x v

moment = force x perpendicular distance from pivot

m = f x d

acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time

a = (v-u) ÷ t

Recap

Recap

Using last lesson's equations, copy down and answer the following:

• What is the work done to a person if a force of 1.3N is applied and the person moves 6m?

• How efficient is a solar cell that transforms 300 J of light energy into 45 J of electrical energy and 255 J of wasted energy.

• If a cat has a mass of 20 kg and chases a bird at 30 m/s what is the momentum of the cat?

• A lizard accelerates from 2 m/s to 10 m/s in 4 seconds.  What is the lizard’s average acceleration?

Electricity Equations

Electricity

Power = voltage x current

P = V x I

Voltage = current x resistance

V = I x R

Current = power ÷ voltage

I = P ÷ V

Resistance = voltage ÷ current

R = V ÷ I

Geometry Equations

Geometry

Flat Shapes

Area of a square = length of side²

Area of a rectangle = length of side 1 x length of side 2

Area of a triangle = (length of base x height of triangle) ÷ 2

Area of a circle π x radius²

Solid Shapes

Volume of a cube = length of side³

Volume of a pyramid = (1/3) x (base area) x height of pyramid

Volume of a cylinder = π x radius² x height of cylinder

End of Unit Test

You have 40 minutes to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

End of Unit Test

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Recap

Recap

Copy out and answer the following questions:

• How have prosthetics developed over the years?
• What advantages does a motorbike have over cars?
• What can a gear system do that a pulley or hydraulic system can't
• Whta disadvantages are there to a steam train over diesel?

Title Block

Title Block

The title block on a drawing goes in the bottom right corner of all technical drawings. The information on it helps understand the drawing and also how to manufacture it.

Quickly, copy out the title bar above, but put your name instead of mine. Remember, first initial . surname

Metric & Imperial

There are many advantages and disadvantages to both the metric system, and the imperial system. What I want you to do is create a table and list them

Metric & Imperial

Recap

Make a list of the advantages of both imperial and metric units

Recap

Drawing Lines & Symbols

Drawing Lines & Symbols

Tolerance

Tolerance is what we use to explain how much inaccuracy we are willing to accept on a finished product. It is written as a +/- value.

During manufacture a final outcome it is necessary to take possible errors in production into consideration. If errors cannot be tolerated in manufacture a product would be deemed unfit for purpose. In some cases however a small tolerance is acceptable and an error range is given by way of tolerance

The most common instrument used to check tolerance is a vernier caliper.

When reading an engineering drawing for the purpose of manufacturing we need to know if at any point a tolerance has been set and ensure that the final manufactured outcome is within the given dimensions

EXAMPLE

If the nut was required to be an external measurement of 10mm and the tolerance set to +/-0.5mm the final external measurement could fall between 10.5mm and 9.5mm without being rejected.

Any measurement outside this range and the nut would be rejected.

This rejection has financial implications for any engineering company

Tolerance

Explain the advantages to having a tolerance when manufacturing? Think from the perspective of employee and employer

Recap

Recap

Copy down and answer the following:

• What does COSHH mean?
• What does RIDDOR mean?
• What does HASAWA mean?
• What does MHOR mean?
• What are the 5 parts of a Risk Assessment?

First & Third Angle Projection

1st & 3rd Angle Projection

First Angle Projection

Commonly used in Europe and most of the world. However as most CAD packages are produced in American, it is not uncommon to also see Third angle being used throughout the world in CAD drawings.

When drawing in first angle the top view is placed below the front view and the right side is drawn to the left side of the elevation.

This is the symbol for 1st Angle Projection

Third Angle Projection

Most commonly used in America and Australia, However as most CAD packages are produced in American, it is not uncommon to see Third angle being used throughout the world in CAD drawings.

When drawing in third angle the top view is placed above the front view and the right side is drawn to the right side of the elevation.

This is the symbol for 1st Angle Projection

Quick Quiz

Is the drawing in first or third angle projection?

Quick Quiz

Task

Task

You are going to draw each of the eight shapes in both first angle and third angle projection. I'll go through the first 2 for you

TIPS

• If possible, used squared paper
• All 3 viewpoints must line up with one another
• Don't forget hidden detail

Recap

Draw out and complete a title box for an Engineering Drawing

Recap

3D Drawings

There are many different ways to draw in 3D, yet each come with their own positives and negatives.

In Engineering we tend to stick to Isometric as it is part of BS8888

3D Drawings

Task

Task

You are going to complete a table, or written paragraphs explaining the features that make a drawing belong to each style, the advantages of each style, and the disadvantages of each style to each style of drawing.

Take your time with this, make sure your drawings are accurate, and you have explained your advantages/disadvantages in full sentences

Recap

What is the responsibility of the employer regarding the health & safety of their workers?

Recap

Reading a Drawing

We are going to go through the first one together, then you are going to read and answer the questions regarding the other 4 drawings

Reading A Drawing

Scale

A drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain amount is called scaling.

The scale shown as a number (representing the size on the paper), then a colon, then another number (representing the size of the real thing).

(":")

size on paper size in reality

An engineering drawing sheet should use a scale that demonstrates good use of the space on the paper

Copy out and answer the following 5 questions

1) If a drawing is twice the size on the paper as it is in reality it is ( _ : _ )

2) If a drawing is half the size on the paper as it is in reality it is ( _ : _ )

3) If a drawing is 10 times the size in reality as it is on the paper as it is ( _ : _ )

4) If a drawing is 1/4 the size on paper as it in in reality it is ( _ : _ )

5) If a drawing is 100 times smaller in reality than it is on the paper, it is ( _ : _ )

Scale

Always remember

DR

Drawing - Real Life

Recap

What is the symbol for first angle projection?

Draw the following shape in first angle projection

Recap

BS8888

BS8888

British Standards are set by the BSI Group. They were the world’s first national standards body, and still remain global leaders in this field.

A standard is an agreed way of doing something, in this case a technical drawing. They provide a framework for all businesses to follow, so there is a standard way of working recognised by all.

The current British Standard for technical drawings is BS8888.

This standard is related to the layout of technical drawings.

• the various ways to indicate dimension
• the way tolerance is identified
• the way surface finish is identified
• systems for adding
• annotation
• symbols
• abbreviations.

The basic principles allow technical drawings to be easily interpreted by people with limited engineering knowledge.

Key Points

Key Points

The British Standard is concerned with the following practices.

• Communicating

Sheet orientation, title block, layout, borders and frames, line types, lettering and numerals, styles, location of notes, scale

• Projection

Orthographic, Axonometric

• Presentation

Partial views, sections

• Standard Components

Threaded parts. Springs, gears, bearings, keys

• Dimensions

Types of dimension, arrangements of dimensions

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have the remainder of this lesson to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Common Faults

Common Faults

We're going to go through the questions that the majority had issues with.

Once we've gone through the common errors, you are going to copy out the question and answer it correctly in green pen

Recap

Recap

Copy out and answer the following questions:

• What are the sub sections of communication engineering?
• What does RIDDOR stand for?
• Explain 3 reasons why you need to complete a RIDDOR form?
• What is the symbol for tolerance?

Mechanical Properties

Mechanical Properties

The mechanical properties of a material are those properties that involve a reaction to an applied load.

Often materials are subject to forces (loads) when they are used. Engineers need to calculate those forces and how materials deform (elongate, compress, twist) or break when forces is applied.

Material selection is a process which is performed to select the best materials which may have the potential to perform well both in industrially and commercially. Therefore the material selection process is quite important for the long term success of engineering applications.

FOR EACH PROPERTY, COPY DOWN THE MEANING AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF WHEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO HAVE THIS PROPERTY AND WHY - EXAMPLES AVAILABLE

Materials & Properties

Materials have different properties that make them useful for different jobs.

Understanding how materials behave in their natural state and under certain conditions will help us to understand why objects are made of specific materials

Materials & Properties

Copy out the questions and answer them in detail. Try and give reasons and examples for your answers. Compare with other materials to help explain your answer. Use the mechanical properties you just learnt in your answers

• Why would paper be unsuitable for a raincoat?
• Why is a sponge unsuitable as a building brick?
• Why is sand not a good material to build on top of?
• Why is tarmac used to cover roads?
• Why is rubber used on the sole of shoes?
• Why is steel used to support buildings?
• Why is acrylic used for bathtubs?

Recap

Recap

Define the following:

• Tensile
• Compression
• Torsion
• Shear
• Malleability
• Plasticity
• Ductile
• Elasticity
• Hardness
• Toughness
• Durability

Chemical Properties - Read the 3 properties and put it in your own words

Chemical Properties

Heat of Combustion

Combustion is another name for burning. It is an example of an exothermic reaction, a reaction that releases energy to the surroundings. This is mostly thermal energy, but light energy and sound energy are also released.

Heat of Combustion is the amount of energy that is released as heat when a substance is burned with oxygen.

Toxicity

Toxicity is how much a substance can damage an animal, plant, cell, organ, or other organism is its toxicity.

Materials with the chemical property of toxicity include lead, chlorine gas, hydrofluoric acid, and mercury. Toxicity is measured by how the lead, chlorine gas, mercury, or other substance affects the organism – basically, by how much damage it does to the organism and how quickly that damage occurs.

Hazard symbols are used to identify the danger posed by each chemical and what care should be taken.

Oxidation State

Ability to oxidise is what takes place by gaining oxygen, losing hydrogen, or losing electrons, and is a chemical property that results in the oxidation number of a substance being changed.

An example of this is rust. Over time, iron and steel (which is made of iron) will rust. However, they will rust more quickly if they are combined with pure oxygen.

Electrical Properties - Read the 3 properties and put it in your own words

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity

Electrical conductivity is when materials allow current to pass through the them easily. In contrast electrical insulators resist current passing through the material.

Resistance

Electrical resistivity is a fundamental property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the flow of electric current.

A low resistivity indicates a material that readily allows the flow of electric current. Whereas a high resistivity indicates a material that strongly opposes the flow of electric current.

Magnetism

Magnetism is a force that can attract (pull closer) or repel (push away) objects that have a magnetic material like iron inside them (magnetic objects). In simpler words, it is a property of certain substances which pull closer or repel other objects.

Magnetic materials are always made of metal, but not all metals are magnetic.

Thermal Properties - Read the 3 properties and put it in your own words

Thermal Properties

Flammable

Flammable materials are those that ignite more easily than other materials

Flammable and inflammable are two words that cause confusion. Flammable and inflammable mean exactly the same thing: a substance burns easily or readily catches fire.

If a material won't burn easily, you could say it is not flammable or non-flammable.

Thermal Conductivity

A measure of the ability of a material to transfer heat.

Given two surfaces on either side of the material with a temperature difference between them, the thermal conductivity is the heat energy transferred per unit time and per unit surface area, divided by the temperature difference. It is measured in watts per degree Kelvin.

Thermal conductivity – how easily heat flows through the material

Thermal insulators – prevent heat flowing through the material

Melting Point

The temperature at which a given material changes from a solid to a liquid, or melts.

Optical Properties - Read the 3 properties and put it in your own words

Optical Properties

Reflectivity

The ability of a material to reflect. It describes how much light is reflected from the material in relation to an amount of light incident on the material.

When light from an object is reflected by a surface, it changes direction. It bounces off the surface at the same angle as it hits it.

Smooth, shiny surfaces such as mirrors and polished metals reflect light well. Dull and dark surfaces such as dark fabrics do not reflect light well.

Photosensitivity

This refers to the amount a materials reacts upon receiving photons (particle of light).

A photosensitive material changes its chemical composition when exposed to electromagnetic radiation.

Task

What are the 9 engineering disciplines and their sub categories?

Which one of these will need to be concerned about specific chemical and electrical properties? What are they?

Use the sheet to do this and finish it off for homework

Task

Recap

Recap

Copy out and answer the following questions:

• What is the difference between extraction & ventilation?
• What is a safety zone?
• What is a micro switch?
• What is a control measure?
• What must be completed before you use a machine?

Properties & Characteristics

FACTS

Properties & Characteristics

What is the difference between a PROPERTY and a CHARACTERISTIC?

Properties are basic elements or attributes of a material. They are usually, inherent to the material and are not decided by the judgement of a person’s feelings or opinions.

Characteristics are prominent aspects, qualities or features of a material. Normally these are superficial and subjective, based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

OPINIONS

Aesthetic Properties

Aesthetic Properties

Colour

Colour psychology is all about how colour make people feel. Different colours stimulate different parts of the brain, so it is definitely worth taking colour into account when engineering a product or project.

Without claiming to be complete, it is interesting to notice humans association with colours.

Texture

Texture is found everywhere. It contains important visual information about an object and, at a basic level, allows us to distinguish between animals, plants, foods, and fabrics. This makes texture a significant part of the sensory input that we receive every day. Our senses respond to texture in two ways

Physical texture can be felt by touch

Visual texture is the illusion of physical texture which we see

Like colour we have basic human responses to textures

Finish

A finish is a treatment on material after it has been processed to improve attractiveness or serviceability.

There are two types of finish:

Aesthetic finishes - which change appearance

Functional finishes - improve performance properties

Environmental Properties

Environmental Properties

Extraction

When metal is extracted from the ground, it creates a lot of negative impact to the environment.

drastically affect air quality in the surrounding areas, what with the high levels of dust and gas in the area.

noise pollution that it creates, which is affecting the natural habitat of animals.

disfigures the landscape.

Brazil is fast becoming the world’s primary supplier of gold. However, it is estimated that more than 2,000 tonnes of poisonous mercury have been released into the environment as a result of the modern Brazilian gold rush.

Now, an abundance of mercury in the soil and water has led to an increased mercury level in fish, which is very toxic not only to animals but to humans as well.

Fossil Fuels

Oil companies pump liquid oil out of the ground by using drilling rigs and wells that access the pockets of oil resources. The oil fills the rock layers the way water fills a sponge, spreading throughout open spaces, instead of existing as a giant pool of liquid.

Refining petroleum creates air pollution.

Burning gasoline releases CO2.

Oil spills cause great environmental damage.

Large oil spills have catastrophic environmental effects, such as the 1989 Exxon Valdez in Alaska or the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico.

Sustainability

The idea of sustainability stems from the concept of sustainable development which became common language at the World's first Earth Summit in Rio in 1992. To avoid ecological issues, scientists, engineers and governing bodies allows for decisions which do not destroy the environment for immediate gains.

“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Bruntland Report for the World Commission on Environment and Development (1992)

Sustainable Forestry, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Crop Rotation, Efficient Water Fixtures, Green Space, Eco Tourism

Recap

Recap

Copy down and answer the following questions:

• What are the benefits of using tolerance in manufacturing?
• Draw a line for - hidden detail, centre, & dimension
• What 2 reasons would you use a hidden detail line?

Metals

Metals

A Ferrous metal is one that naturally contains iron.

If it contains iron through manufacture - then it is a Ferrous Alloy

A Non-Ferrous metal is one that doesn't naturally contain iron.

If two or more metals are combined and still don't contain iron, then is is a Non-Ferrous Alloy

Ferrous metals rust and are magnetic

Minimum - Copy out the chart above

Extension - Try and think of a product made of each metal

Challenge - Try and identify the properties of each metal through their use

Timbers

Timber

A Deciduous (hardwood) tree is one that loses its leaves in winter. The leaves are also wide and flat. A hardwood doesn't necessarily mean the wood is hard - Balsa is the softest wood but is deciduous

A Coniferous (softwood) tree is one that keeps its leaves. The leaves tend to be like needles. A softwood doesn't necessarily mean the wood is soft - Yew is one of the toughest woods but is coniferous.

Manufactured Board is man made and can be produced to fulfill specific jobs. They also tend to be much cheaper

Minimum - Copy out the chart above

Extension - Try and think of a product made of each timber

Challenge - Try and identify the properties of each timber through their use

Recap

Recap

Copy down and answer the following questions:

• What PPE is required when using a pillar drill?
• What 5 steps are their to a risk assessment
• What is the difference between a risk and a hazard?

Plastics

Plastics

A Themosetting Plastic can only be melted down and moulded once. It is very difficult to recycle as it burns when heated. The molecules have crosslinking making it harder to break down.

A Thermoplastic can be melted down and moulded numerous times allowing it to be easily recycled. The molecules do not have any crosslinking allowing it be melted

Elastomer is short for elastic polymer. These are plastics with rubber and elastic properties.

Minimum - Copy out the chart above

Extension - Try and think of a product made of each plastics

Challenge - Try and identify the properties of each plastic through their use

Ceramics

Ceramics are anything that comes from the ground that isn't a metal. These can come straight from the ground or be mixed manually with other earthen elements

They tend to be mixed with water and set with heat.

Ceramics

Minimum - Copy out the chart above

Extension - Try and think of a product made of each ceramic

Challenge - Try and identify the properties of each ceramic through their use

Composites

A Composite is a material that is manufactured out of two different materials, usually with very different properties.

The core material is called the matrix and the surrounding material is the reinforcement.

The difference between composites and alloys is composites can usually be separated using impact stress, whilst alloys would need to be melted

Composites

Minimum - Copy out the chart above

Extension - Try and think of a product made of each composite

Challenge - Try and identify the properties of each composite through their use

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have the remainder of this lesson to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Common Faults

Common Faults

We're going to go through the questions that the majority had issues with.

Once we've gone through the common errors, you are going to copy out the question and answer it correctly in green pen

Recap

Copy down and answer the following questions:

• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the metric system
• Why is it still important to understand the imperial system?
• What style of 3d drawing do Engineers use and why?

Recap

Marking Out Tools

1 to 7 left to right, top to bottom. Which is which

Marking Gauge

Engineer's Square (Try Square)

Steel Rule

Calipers

Vernier Calipers

Centre Punch

Scribe

Marking Out Tools

Task

Task

You have the 7 images in front of you. You are going to glue them in your book and tell me the following:

• Name of tool
• What does the tool do
• How do you use the tool
• What else could you use and how would that impact the work?

This can be done as bullet points, or as a paragraph. Stick the next one in underneath and do the same.

Recap

Copy and answer the following questions:

• What is the difference between a property and a characteristic?
• How many mechanical properties can you think of? - Define them

Recap

Hand Modification Tools

Hand Modification Tools

1 to 9 left to right, top to bottom. Which is which

Tenon Saw

Hacksaw

Junior Hacksaw

Coping Saw

Pliers

Tin Snips

Files

Claw Hammer

Ball Pein Hammer

Task

Task

You have the 9 images in front of you. You are going to glue them in your book and tell me the following:

• Name of tool
• What does the tool do
• How do you use the tool
• What else could you use and how would that impact the work?

This can be done as bullet points, or as a paragraph. Stick the next one in underneath and do the same.

Recap

Copy and answer the following questions:

• What are the 7 SI units?
• What are the 9 Engineering Disciplines?
• What 10 things go in the title box of an engineering drawing

Recap

Power Modification Tools & Fixed Machines

Power Tools & Fixed Machinery

1 to 9 left to right, top to bottom. Which is which

Lathe

Angle Grinder

Jigsaw

Laser Cutter

Power Drill

Pillar Drill

Router

Milling Machine

Scroll Saw

Task

Task

You have the 9 images in front of you. You are going to glue them in your book and tell me the following:

• Name of tool
• What does the tool do
• How do you use the tool
• What else could you use and how would that impact the work?

This can be done as bullet points, or as a paragraph. Stick the next one in underneath and do the same.

Recap

Recap

Copy and answer the following questions:

• What reasons do we need to know the efficiency of a product?
• What reason do we need to know the electrical current of a household appliance?

Joining Tools

Joining Methods & Components

1 to 11 left to right, top to bottom. Which is which

Nail Gun

Glue Gun

Rivet Gun

Screwdriver

Nut & Bolt

Spanner

Screws

Rivets

Nails

Soldering Iron

Screwdriver Heads

Task

Task

You have the 11 images in front of you. You are going to glue them in your book and tell me the following:

• Name of tool
• What does the tool do
• How do you use the tool
• What else could you use and how would that impact the work?

This can be done as bullet points, or as a paragraph. Stick the next one in underneath and do the same.

Finishing Tools

1 to 3, top to bottom. Which is which

Buffer

Orbital Sander

Disc Sander

Finishes

Task

Task

You have the 3 images in front of you. You are going to glue them in your book and tell me the following:

• Name of tool
• What does the tool do
• How do you use the tool
• What else could you use and how would that impact the work?

This can be done as bullet points, or as a paragraph. Stick the next one in underneath and do the same.

End of Unit Test

End of Unit Test

You have the remainder of this lesson to complete the test in front of you.

Try your best to answer every question.

9 mark questions should take a minimum of 10 minutes each to answer properly. If you're stuck, a guess is better than nothing.

If you finish early, double check your answers.

Exam Review

We are going to quickly run through the exam and you are going to write in green pen the answers to the 1-3 mark questions that you got wrong in green.

Exam Review

Common Faults

Common Faults

We're going to go through the questions that the majority had issues with.

Once we've gone through the common errors, you are going to copy out the question and answer it correctly in green pen