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Modal Perfect
100
Transcript
Modal
Perfect
(modals of speculation)
Modals perfect are used to make speculations related about the past
Definitions
They must have gone to beach
They are form by modal, auxiliary have and past participle of the verb
Form
subject + modal + have + past participle
They could have bought another house
certainty
Uses
The use of the modal perfect depends on how certain we have about the situation in the past
uncertainty
evidence
We use MUST when we are almost sure about something
Must
The lights are off. They must have gone out.
To form the negative we add "not" to the modal verb.
Negative
I always see John and Claire together. They must not have separated.
When we are slightly less sure something happened, we use MIGHT have.
Might
They might have won if their star player hadn’t been injured
When we are even less sure about something happened
Could
I don’t know, it could have been different if you were there
We use can't have when we are sure that an action didn't happen in the past.
Can't have
"She can’t have left the house yet because her car is still outside."
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