Human Development Timeline

Fertilization

Explanation:

Starts when an egg meets the sperm.

Example:

In a ultrasound what you see, is one cell.

Fertilization

Critical Periods

Critical Periods

Critical periods are when the body can be very sensitive to damage caused by medications, alcohol or other harmful exposures, the environment can make an impact in the development of the baby.

Teratogens

Teratogens affect gestation because it passes the barrier through the placenta and can affect the baby.

Teratogens

Miscarriage

First 3 months of pregnancy.

Explanation:

While a woman is pregnant, there is a chance that miscarriage may occur in the first three months. Uterus and cervix infections, chromosome problems and if a woman’s uterus did not form correctly, it increases the chance of having a miscarriage. Some symptoms are severe cramps, back or abdomen pain, loss of pregnancy symptoms and white pink mucus. Drug use, smoking, to much drinking, and other things increase the risk of having a miscarriage.

Real Life Example:

Miscarriage

Genetic disorders

Genetic disorders

There are many different genetic disorders around the world, but three of them are Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, and the Klinefelter’s syndrome. Down Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, caused when an abnormal cell division results in an extra or partial copy of chromosome 21. Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that happens randomly based on how a girls genes are formed, girls normally have two X chromosomes, and a girl with this syndrome is missing on X on their chromosomes. Klinefelter’s Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder in where a male is born with an extra X chromosome.

Fetal Period

Week 10

Real life example:

You can see a human- like feature in an ultrasound and you can see the genitalia

Explanation:

All of their organs are now developed but they are weak, their is a 50% of survival

Stepping Reflex

When born

Real life:

When babies touch the ground, they will start to take steps.

Explanation

Babies get reflexes when they are born

Stepping reflex

Sensorimotor

Object permanence

Sensorimotor

0-2 years

Real life example:

Peek-A-Boo, when the person covers their face, the baby thinks that the person disappeared.

Explanation:

John Piaget said that babies have knowledge that something does not exist, when it isn’t in their sight.

Infant

Trust vs Mistrust

Infant

Birth-one year

Real life example:

The baby stopped crying when his mom grabbed him because he trusted her.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that they learn a sense of trust based on how their needs are met.

Raise his/her head and chest

Raise his/her chest

2 months

Real life example:

Annie raised her head on her own for the first time.

Explanation:

Mixing of biological and learning, John Piaget said that they are learning by their senses.

Cooing

Cooing

2 months

Real Life Example:

ah-ah oh-oh

Explanation:

Vowel-like sounds

Rouge test

Rouge test

6 months

Real life example:

If you put a baby in front of a mirror, they will either recognize themselves or look for “another” baby

Explanation:

Babies will develop slowly and start figuring things out

Babbling

Babbling

6 months

Real Life Example:

GU-GU GA-GA

Explanation:

Add consonant sounds, sounds speech-like

One word speech

One word speech

Just before 1 year

Real life example:

“milk”

Explanation:

First time actual words used

Toddler

Autonomy vs Shame/doubt

Toddler

1-3 Years

Real Life Example:

Ana picked her own clothes for the day.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that they begin to understand that they can control their own decisions

Telegraphic Speech

Telegraphic Speech

1.5-2 years

Real Life Example:

“Daddy go”

Explanation:

Lev Vygotsky said how at this age they should say short simple sentences with only words that carry meaning

Preoperational

2-7 years

Real Life Example:

Lucia played with her toys and started asking questions like why the sky is blue.

Explanation:

John Piaget said that at this time they are able to develop language, concepts and ask questions. They are incapable of logical thought, only simple mental concepts

Preoperational

Whole Sentences

Whole

Sentences

2 Years

Real Life Example:

I want to eat.

Explanation:

Lev Vygotsky said that at this age they should be nearly as fluent as an adult and start with grammar rules

Secure

Secure

2 years

Real life example:

Daniela does not want to go to daycare, because she has to leave her mother for a few hours.

Exlplanation:

Mary Ainsworth said that children are willing to leave their mother, they are wary of strangers, they feel clam with their mother close, but can be easily calmed when their mother leaves.

Avoidant

avoidanty

2 years

Real life example:

When Jose arrives at daycare, he just leaves his mother and runs to find a toy.

Explanation:

Mary Ainsworth said that children are willing to explore, and have no interest and concern in mother or stranger.

Disorganized - Disoriented

Disorganized - Disoriented

3 years

Real life example:

When Emily is left at daycare, she stands in the middle of the room, doing nothing, and not playing with anyone.

Explanation:

Mary Ainsworth said that children are undecided how to react, and are fearful and dazed.

Ambivalent

3 years

Real Life Examples:

When Ariel is left at the daycare she cries the whole time, and when her mother returns she is confused at what to do.

Explanation:

Mary Ainsworth said that children are clinging and unwilling to explore, they are very upset at the stranger, and they soothe hard at mothers absence, and are confused when they return.

Ambivalent

Pre-School

Initiative vs Guilt

3-5 years

Real life example:

Carlos knew that he did the wrong thing after he hit his brother.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that they learn to take responsibility for their own behavior and develop self-control

Pre-School

Preconventional Morality

preconventional

Young children, age 4

Real life example:

If Miley takes this candy without her mom noticing it is okay.

Explanation:

Rules are understood depending on the reference group which is themselves based on the consequences

Elementary School

Industry vs Inferiority

elementary school

5-12

Real life example:

Maria always saw her friends be better in soccer than her when she was little so now she always feels inferior and wants to succeed.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that while they are learning, they compare themselves to others

Concrete Operations

Concrete Operations

7-12

Real life example:

Jose now understood that if he treated his brother in a mean way, his brother will learn from his and treat him badly too.

Explanation:

John Piaget said how at this stage they are finally capable of conservation and reversible thinking. They are more rational, inability of abstract concepts.

Formal Operations

Formal Operations

12 - adult

Real life example:

Rebecca understood that some things don't go the way they are supposed to.

Explanation:

John Piaget said that abstract thinking becomes possible, but not everyone meets this stage. People use hypothetical thinking, “what if”.

Puberty

Puberty

Beginning of adolescence

Real life example:

A girl got her period when she was 13.

Explanation:

Time of physical changes in both primary sex characteristics and secondary sex characteristics; clearest sign of beginning adolescence

Sexual Orientation

Teenage Years

Real life example:

James was a homosexual, because he is attracted to people of his same sex.

Explanation:

Alfred Kinsey explained that sexual orientation is a continuum where some teenagers fall in between and some at the extremes. The Kinsey Scale determined that a 0 rating was heterosexual, a 6 rating was a homosexual, and an X rating was asexual.

Sexual orientation

Adolescence

identity vs role

Adolesence

13 - early 20s

Real Life Examples:

Mike had trouble understanding who he wanted to be in life, or what he wanted to study when he graduated.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said how they must decide who they are, what they believe and what they want to be as an adult.

Eulogy excerpt

"She was a very lovely, caring, responsible, trustworthy and helpful."

This shows how at this age you want to be seen as a good person and are figuring out who you are

Eulogy

Eulogy analysis

Eulogy

"Formal operations, hypothetical thinking allowed me to compete this assignment because I was able to think of situations that haven't happened. I was able to think in a "what if" way.

Conventional Morality

Convent

ional

Older children/adolescent/most adults

age 16

Real life example:

Isa knew it was illegal to steal.

Explanation:

Rules are understood based on society norms and conformity

Early Adulthood

Intimacy vs Isolation

Early Adulthood

20s-30s

Real life example:

Nick had trouble finding someone who he could be himself with, but he finally did.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that people might struggle with the task of finding a person who they share all with.

Postconventional Morality

Older Children/Adolescents/Most Adults

Real Life Examples:

If the situation was reversed, would my friend steal my food.

Explanation:

Rules are understood based on their reference group which is cost/benefit analysis, based on universal ethics.

Older Children/Adolescents/Most Adults

Real Life Example:

If the situation was reversed, would my friend steal my food.

Rules are understood based on their reference group which is cost/benefit analysis, based on universal ethics.

Postconventional

Older Children/ Adolescents/ Most Adults

age 30

Real Life Examples:

If the situation was reversed, would my friend steal my food.

Explanation:

Rules are understood based on their reference group which is cost/benefit analysis, based on universal ethics.

Middle Adulthood

Generativity vs Stagnation

Middle Adulthood

40s-50s

Explanation:

Claudia was helping her daughter Isabella, understand what she had to do in order to succeed in life.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that people nurture next generation, help them with their crisis.

Authoritarian Parenting

adulthood

age 42

Real Life Examples:

John’s dad was strict, because he had to be home by 12:00, and if he was one minute late, he would get punished.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said that this parents are overly concerned with rules, and are rigid controlling, and demand perfection, the children tend to be insecure, timid and will be rebellious as teengaers.

Authoritarian Parenting

Late Adulthood Ego integrity vs Despair

Late Adulthood

Ego integrity vs Despair

60s and beyond

Real Life Example:

Margarita was understanding that someday she will die from a sickness or from natural causes.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said how they should start looking for acceptance

60s and beyond

Real life example:

Margarita was understanding that someday she will die from a sickness or from natural causes.

Explanation:

Erik Erikson said how they should start looking for acceptance

Late Adulthood

Denial

Denial

Adulthood

Real life example:

Marie, was dying of terminal cancer, and had one year to live, but she started to plan a trip for the year after.

Explanation:

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross said that it is that people pass through a stage of refusal to believe that the diagnosis of death is real.

Aging

There are five stages which old people or people that are going to die can go through before dying. The first stage is denial, and the person might not believe that death is real and so they will not affect the fact that they are going to die. The next stage is anger, and they might feel helpless and be angry at death. The third stage is bargaining. This means that they might deal with the doctor and or God and tell them to not let them die or that they are not right. Depression can also occur, and it can also happen to people that have to much losses. Lastly, acceptance which is when they accept they are dying and even help plan out the funeral.

Aging