Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
Highlights: Wk 9 S1_L10
35
ENGL E101F
Week 9 Session 1_L10
Warm up exercise
Jokes
Warm up exercise
Why did young Ah Tung go to a movie with 18 friends?
Because according to the advertisement: below 18 is not allowed to go in.
Warm up exercise
Ah Tung's family doctor informed him that his brain seemed to have developed certain problems.
" ... Your brain has two parts, one left and one right. _________________".
What is the problems?
Warm up exercise
Your brain has two parts, one left and one right.
The left part has nothing right in it,
and the right part has nothing left in it ...
Warm up exercise
Teacher: George Washington not only chopped
down his father's cherry tree, but also
admitted doing it. Now do you know
why his father didn't punish him?
Johnny: Because George still had the axe
in his hand.
Warm up exercise
Teacher: Desmond, your composition on "My
dog" is exactly the same as your
brother's. Did you copy his?
Desmond: No, teacher. It's the same dog.
Recap
Recap
What did we do in the last class?
What did we do in the last class?
- Preparing for your speech
- Patient Case Report: Diagnosis Description
Preparing your speech
Preparing a speech
Helping your listeners
Strategies to help the listeners
- Clarity and organization
- Signpost or provide markers
- More repetition and less referents
Recap
Strategies to help listeners
- Be clear and concise
- Have a clear structure: Introduction, body and conclusion
- Tell your listeners how you have organized what you are going to say.
- Signpost your speech by sequence markers and words to show the relationships between the ideas
Strategies to help listeners
- Repetition of key ideas / terms helps to make the content clear
How? = the steps / the procedure / the way
The lecturer repeats the idea of stimulating healthy competition 3 times, once in the introduction when he provides the outline of sections and twice within the first argument.
He mentions that students are stimulated by the competitive atmosphere to produce the best work they are capable of. And before moving on to the second issue, he reinforces that examinations stimulate hard work and a healthy competition, which reflects the reality of the outside world.
Less referents
Strategies to help listeners
Less referents like pronouns
- If too many pronouns have been used, listeners will feel confused
Strategies to help listeners
Look at the example:
John and Sam were sitting in the kitchen. John really wanted to talk about what he'd done in the last ten years, but he seemed more interested in rehashing the days of their childhood. He was saddened by the fact that he couldn't share all of the successes of the past decade with him - but alas, Sam didn't seem to care.
Can you identify what each 'he' and the 'him' refer to?
rehashing = going over
Strategies to help listeners
John and Sam were sitting in the kitchen. John really wanted to talk about what he (1)'d done in the last ten years, but he (2) seemed more interested in rehashing the days of their childhood. He (3) was saddened by the fact that he (4) couldn't share all of the successes of the past decade with him (5) - but alas, Sam didn't seem to care.
Strategies to help listeners
(1) John
(2) Sam
John and Sam were sitting in the kitchen. John really wanted to talk about what he (1)'d done in the last ten years, but he (2) seemed more interested in rehashing the days of their childhood. He (3) was saddened by the fact that he (4) couldn't share all of the successes of the past decade with him (5) - but alas, Sam didn't seem to care.
(3) John
(4) John
(5) Sam
Steps to prepare your speech
Steps to prepare your speech
- Planning your speech
- Writing your speech
- Practising your speech
- Recording your speech
- Submitting your speech
Planning your speech
- Think about what you are going to include in your speech
- How you are going to organise the information
- How you are going to make it easy for your listeners to follow e.g
- Provide an outline
- Open & close each section with a clear transition
Writing your speech
- Do some research about street naming i.e.
- the way streets are named
- the stories behind naming the streets
- Select information which is most relevant and or interesting for your speech as it only lasts for about 4 minutes.
Writing your speech
But don't submit it!
Prepare a script
Organisation: Introduction, body and conclusion
Introduction:
Have a proper opening e.g. Good morning/ Good afternoon, I am so and so. I am going to talk about ... / The title of my speech is ...
Background of naming both streets + outline of sections
Writing your speech
Body:
- Your views regarding naming the streets
- maybe in Hong Kong
- maybe in other places / all over the world
Conclusion:
- conclusion + a Proper closing e.g. That's all. Thank you very much./ Thank you very much for listening./ Thank you.
Writing your speech
Prepare some cue cards containing the main ideas.
Why?
Tomorrow:
- Practising your speech
- Recording your speech
- Submitting your speech
Patient Case Report
3 sections:
- Patient's summary which includes the patient's background and symptoms
- Diagnosis Description
- Nursing Interventions
Diagnosis Description
Diagnosis Description (P.18)
What is diagnosis description for?
- For co-workers to exchange information
- Report medical incidents via AIRS (Advanced Incidents Reporting System
- For case representation
Diagnosis Description
Technical terms are still used e.g.
Herniated Intervertebral Disc (HIVD) is a common cause of combined back pain and sciatica usually occurs between bones in the spine. It is usually caused by part of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus protruding through a rent in the annulus fibrosus at its weakest part, the posterior-lateral area. And it is more likely to occur when people carry heavy loads in the wrong way for a long time. Intervetebral disc is characterized by sciatic pain and severe canal stenosis, as well as numbness, weakness or pain in the legs. Diagnosis is made based on the MRI scan and the examination by Dr Walters in PWH. Mr. Kevin Hall, with the confirmation of interverebral disc, is treated with a maximum of 24 hours' bed rest and with strong painkillers. Some physiotherapy will also be given that can effectively resolve his leg and back pain. Intervertebral disc can usually be treated after physiotherapy treatments. If not, Mr. Hall will be considered for a further operation.
Diagnosis Description
More when talking about the nature of the disease e.g. its nature, causes, and signs and symptoms
Herniated Intervertebral Disc (HIVD) is a common cause of combined back pain and sciatica usually occurs between bones in the spine. It is usually caused by part of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus protruding through a rent in the annulus fibrosus at its weakest part, the posterior-lateral area. And it is more likely to occur when people carry heavy loads in the wrong way for a long time. Intervetebral disc is characterized by sciatic pain and severe canal stenosis, as well as numbness, weakness or pain in the legs. Diagnosis is made based on the MRI scan and the examination by Dr Walters in PWH. Mr. Kevin Hall, with the confirmation of interverebral disc, is treated with a maximum of 24 hours' bed rest and with strong painkillers. Some physiotherapy will also be given that can effectively resolve his leg and back pain. Intervertebral disc can usually be treated after physiotherapy treatments. If not, Mr. Hall will be considered for a further operation.
Diagnosis Description
Verbs phrases commonly used in diagnosis description (passive voice)
Herniated Intervertebral Disc (HIVD) is a common cause of combined back pain and sciatica usually occurs between bones in the spine. It is usually caused by part of the gelatinous nucleus pulposus protruding through a rent in the annulus fibrosus at its weakest part, the posterior-lateral area. And it is more likely to occur when people carry heavy loads in the wrong way for a long time. Intervetebral disc is characterized by sciatic pain and severe canal stenosis, as well as numbness, weakness or pain in the legs. Diagnosis is made based on the MRI scan and the examination by Dr Walters in PWH. Mr. Kevin Hall, with the confirmation of interverebral disc, is treated with a maximum of 24 hours' bed rest and with strong painkillers. Some physiotherapy will also be given that can effectively resolve his leg and back pain. Intervertebral disc can usually be treated after physiotherapy treatments. If not, Mr. Hall will be considered for a further operation.
Diagnosis Description
When you are describing diagnosis in a Patient Case Report, put them in a paragraph following the order of
- What is the disease (from general to specific)
- Talk about the causes
- Signs and symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prognosis
Diagnosis Description
Points to pay attention to when preparing diagnosis description
- When providing general information for 'What is it', 'Causes', 'Signs & symptoms',
- more technical terms will be used.
- When describing 'Diagnosis', ' Treatment' & 'Prognosis',
- focus on the patient's case and
- more general terms will be used.
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- What is it
- Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
- an infectious disease by the SARS-CoV-2 virus
- constantly change through mutation
- result in new variants e.g. Omicron
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- Causes
- virus spread from an infected person's mouth or nose in small liquid particles when cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe
- particles range from larger respiratory droplets to small aerosols
- high risk: older people, people suffering from cardovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease or cancer
- develop serious illness
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- Signs & symptoms
- Most with mild and moderate illness and recover without hospitalization
- common symptoms: fever, cough, tiredness, loss of taste or smell
- less common ones: sore throat, headache, aches and pains, diarrhea, a rask on skin, or discolouration of fingers or toes and red or irritated eyes
- More serious cases: difficulty in breathing, shortness of breath, even loss of speech or mobility or confusion, chest pain
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- Diagnosis
- based on the result of the nucleic acid tests
- by Dr Wong in Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- Treatment
- Monoclonal antibodies
- supplemental oxygen so Mr Smith can breathe smoothly
- condition monitored closely to avoid worsening respiratory status
Diagnosis Description
Implication on the Diagnosis Description of Mr Smith
- Prognosis
- in case of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
- enhanced respiratory support such as high-flow nasal canula (HFNC) oxygen
Nursing Interventions
Nursing Inerventions
What is it?
Nursing Interventions and Recommendations
- To identify a health problem and perform intervention for the patients.
- To provide recommendations/suggestions to promote the health and comfort of the patient.
Nursing Interventions and Recommendations
Nursing intervention can include:
- counseling
- recommendations/ suggestions
- referrals
Language
Passive Voice
Passive Voice
Task 4.1 (P. 20, 21)
1. Dr Rowlings referred the patients for further tests.
The patients were referred (by Dr Rowlings) for further tests (by Dr Rowlings).
Passive Voice
2. We have removed the stitches on his last visit.
The stitches have been removed on his last visit.
3. Dr Marshall will examine the patient.
The patient will be examined.
Passive Voice
4. We ran a routine test.
A routine test was run.
5. Stroke patients usually require extensive postoperative care
Extensive postoperative care is usually required by stroke patients.
Passive Voice
Verb pattern
Active: referred
Passive: was/were referred
Tense & the verb form
Present: is/am/are + past participle
Past: was/were + past participle
Perfect: has/have/had + been + past participle
With modal verbs: can/could/will/would/may/might be + past participle
Modality
Use of modality
Passive Voice is often used with modality to make recommendations and suggestions.
Example:
It is recommended that children with the problem of allergy should be kept far away from pets as fur is one of the common allergens.
Use of modality
Another example:
It is believed that chocolate contains flavonoids that can reduce the risk of coronary artery disease.
Rules
Rules
Rules
Rules
Simplicity and clarity
- reader friendly
- facts and details
- support with sound reason(s)
- avoid generalizing terms e.g. 'basically', 'actually' or 'overall', etc
Rules
Use words like
'recommend', 'propose', 'suggest', 'believe', etc
Example:
It is recommended that ...
It is proposed that ...
It is suggested that ...
It is believed that ...
SMART
SMART
S = Specific
M = Measurable
A = Achievable
R = Result-oriented
T = Time-bound
SMART: Task 4.2 (P.21)
How?
Example:
The patient should take care of himself.
Appropriate treatment should be given to encourage bowel movements.
Any problems?
Appropriate treatment: vague
What kind of treatment is appropriate?
Too general, not specific enough
SMART
The patient should try to do more exercise and eat more vegetables.
Laxative should be given to encourage bowel movements.
Laxative (n): a medicine or agent for relieving constipation
S = Specific
SMART
How much is 'too much'?
Example:
The patient should not eat too much sugar.
The patient should avoid taking more than 10 grams of sugar (5 cubes of sugar) every day.
M = measurable
SMART
All patients? Are you sure?
Tamiflu should be given to all patients who are having flu.
Tamiflu should be given to all patients who are confirmed as having H5N1.
A = achievable
SMART
Asking the chronic patients to leave does not help
We should ask the chronic patients to leave hospital if there is no more treatment for them.
We can transfer the chronic patients to other rehabilitation centres if there is no more treatment for them in hospital.
R = result-oriented
SMART
For the rest of the patient's life? Until when?
Milk should not be given to the patient.
Milk should not be given to the patient until three hours after he has finished the prescribed medicines.
T = Time-bound
SMART
Specific: suggest something that can be implemented
Measurable: will be more persuasive
Achievable: should be doable; not involve too little time, or too much money, labour, facilities or risk
SMART
Result-oriented: should provide good results for the patients
Time-bound: should set realistic deadlines for completion of suggestions if applicable.
Points to remember
Points to remember
Recommendations should be based on the illness(es) the patient has recovered from.
Purpose: to prevent the illness(es) from recurring.
Recommendations should include details and reasons.
Points to remember
It would be better that suggestions are from different scopes e.g. food, exercise, actions to avoid, etc
Justification and supporting details are always necessary.
Always bear in mind: SMART
Points to remember
Preparation for nursing interventions:
- Read the guidelines on prevention of coronavirus disese for the general public.
- Select relevant advice for Mr Smith.
- Generally begin with measures to prevent reinfection of the illness.
- Then suggest ways to enhance health.