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• This was the first permanent school for deaf people to be established within the US, founded by both Thomas Galludet and Lauret Clerc.
• These cofounders had convinced Connecticut ministers to create a census to reveal how many deaf children were in their community.
• This school would many years later have its name changed to “The American School for the Deaf”.
• Horace Mann was known to lead the charge in promoting the establishment of common schools. The thought behind this was that more accessible education to all would, in turn, benefit the economy as a whole.
• Common schools were established throughout the 1830s, in which they would be funded through property taxes, and were tuition-free.
• Only white children were granted access to these schools.
• A voted 7-1 decision in the “Plessy v. Ferguson” case, ruled that segregation mandated by the state was acceptable so long as the segregated group receives seemingly equal accommodations.
• There was a significant amount of talk from both African Americans and equalists who emphasized that this was in violation of the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments which removed slavery and created equal protection of laws.
• This event significantly impacted the educational systems in place as African Americans were denied access to a majority of now “white only” institutions.
• Up until this point, the stigma on teaching was that men ruled the career field.
• Due to the plummeting of the value of farmland at the time, various school districts were seeing the effects of the matter, being that property taxes were no longer able to fund these educational institutions as easily.
• Inexpensive teachers were in high demand as a result of this farmland crisis and women were recruited into the roles, eventually allowing them to dominate the teaching field.
• The US Supreme Court, through a unanimous decision, ruled that public education’s implementation of slavery was unconstitutional.
• This overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine.
• This was initially seen with mass scrutiny and resistance from many white Americans who supported the status quo of such racial inequality which worked to keep many African Americans out of once white-only educational institutions for some time even after the banning of schools’ segregation.
• This act funded technology use within schools.
• This allowed children to learn programming languages and was one of the leading pushes to begin the modernization of education.
• A major talking point that stemmed from this matter was whether girls/women should be trained to work in industry, in the home, or both.
• ESEA started head start, giving free lunches to people in need and gave more attention to special education.
• This was part of President Johnson’s war on poverty.
• As well, funds were authorized for professional development, instruction materials, resources for supporting programs, and further involving parents in the educational system.
• This act was created in order to close student achievement gaps by giving all children with equal and fair opportunity to receive a quality education.
• This law was seen as controversial to many, largely because it would penalize schools that didn’t reveal any improvement, its “hyper focus” on measuring success via test scores, and the law’s lack of provided resources to actually ensure that each student had this stated opportunity to succeed.
• This act is known to have fallen short of many of its goals and is overall described as a failure, particularly in its mandate of achieving 100% proficiency.
• This act was regarded as the replacement of the No Child Left Behind Act, effectively ending NCLB Act after 13 years of controversy, running from 2002-2015.
• Though Every Student Succeeds Act has a similar goal to that of the No Child Left Behind Act, being that they both aim(ed) to ensure a quality education for all kids, the ESSA steers away in terms of their method for going about this idea.
• The ESSA works to ensure that there are accountability plans, interventions, low performance plans, and standards in place across US educational institutions.
• Though surely all of us have at least somewhat of an understanding as to how COVID has affected educational institutions, it is nonetheless an important piece of history that continues to affect these stated institutions to this very day.
• Various states /districts shut down their in-person educational settings and resorted to going “remote”, meaning that lessons and teaching would be done through the internet.
• Many schools have since reopened with limitations in place, such as mask wearing and/or social distance rules, while some have kept their doors shut, sticking with their remote teaching plans to protect individuals from the threat of the virus.
ESSA, working as the replacement to the No Child Left Behind Act, has been a game changer for holding educational institutions accountable for ensuring equal opportuity of success for all. This law is in place to date.
Considering the era of the pandemic has yet to end as of the creation of this list, the full scope of how much this will set back the youth of this generation educationally, as well as how this will lead the shift in teaching of the future, has yet to even be fully uncovered. Things will certainly take quite a long time before they reach anything near the old state of "normal".
It would be nearly impossibly to even somewhat conceptualize this era of the pandamic without considering our reliance on technology, not only for recreational use, but for educational purposes as well! This act led the charge in rolling out technology into educational instutions and now this technology has become teachers' saving grace during this remote-learning era.
This was practically the introduction to public educational instututions!! It almost speaks for itself if you consider the fact that I plan to work in a public school setting.
This one quite honestly just feels the most impostant to me, not only through its impact on the educational system, but also in a general humanistic sense. The banning of school segregation has helped to fight against the systemic oppression and marginalization that African Americans were forced to undergo over the course of history. This ban allowed African Americans to go to school all the same as a white person. A ban that had been long overdue at that point in history.