Introducing
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Colonialism is the act of one country taking control of another, first by military force/action, then by occupying that nation politically, economically, socially and culturally.
Throughout history the world has seen many examples of empires – when one country colonizes many others and builds a kingdom countries or states that come under its ruling.
Colonies and empires were built upon the profits of slavery of the colonized population and the exploitation of the country’s natural resources. The colonized got rich and powerful off the back of this whilst the colonized remained subjugated.
Social Darwinism – The theory that persons, groups, and races are subject to the same laws a natural selection as Darwin perceived in nature. Basically that the strongest survive and flourish whilst the weakest die out of adapt to match the strongest.
Eurocentrism – A political term coined in the 1980s. It referred to the notion of European exceptionalism – a worldview centered on Western civilisation as being greater than that of other cultures/civilisations.
‘White man’s burden ‘ – links to Eurocentrism. The idea that because of their superiority the Western white man felt obligated to “civilise” non-European (mainly non-white) countries.
Self determination
People of the land, original indigenous peoples
Landed or landing people. People who arrived after Tangata Whenua
Laws, rules that determine and guide behaviour
An international agreement between sovereign peoples
Authority to belong
Genealogy
Multi-generational families
The values, rules, and institutions through which people govern themselves
The right all peoples have to determine their own economic, social and cultural development
Aotearoa: (location) North Island - now used as the Māori name for New Zealand.
Hapū (noun) Traditional family groupings based on whakapapa.
Kawa
Käwanatanga
Mana Atua
Päkehä
Rangatira
Rangatiratanga
Tangata Whenua
Tauiwi
Tikanga
Treaty
Türangawaewae
Whakapapa
Whänau Constitution
Self determination
New Zealand
Political entity
Political entity based on hapü groupings and whakapapa
The values, rules, and institutions through which people govern themselves
Governance
Spiritual authority
New Zealand settlers and their descendants
Postcolonialism is for all those interested in postcolonialism, literary theory, and humanities research and pedagogy. Postcolonialism features Dr. Masood Ashraf Raja's lectures on these topics along with occasional inspirational and political videos.
Postcolonial theory and literature primarily focuses on the works produced by people from former European colonies from Africa, Asia, South America and the Caribbean. Postcolonialism (also written as post colonialism or Post-colonialism) is a dynamic field of study and keeps exploring new areas of research.
Masood Raja also writes about neoliberalism, globalization, cosmopolitanism, and political Islam. Raja is a former Pakistan army officer and now an associate professor of Postcolonial Studies at University of North Texas. More of Raja's work and views can be found on his teaching website: http://postcolonial.net.
The Tohunga Suppression Act 1907 is another legislative instrument that had a detrimental impact on Māori. This act made it illegal for traditional Māori teachers, healers and experts to train their people in customary practices affecting tikanga, protocols and traditional knowledge. This impacted Māori who grew up without traditional ways of knowing or being, and without traditional ways of engaging with others, due to not being grounded in their cultural origins.These urban Māori families slipped through education gaps, and were then subjected to a social welfare system that pipelined them to prison.
The ripple effect of the Tohunga Suppression Act 1907 left future generations vulnerable to both a Māori and colonial society as they struggled to fit into both worlds. This legislative act contributed to urban Māori who generations before moved from rural sectors into the city away from traditional knowledge of the marae (Māori meeting place). The impact of not being grounded in traditional knowledge and history created dysfunctional urban Māori families.
Waretini-Karena (2016)
Te Tiriti & Human rights.