Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
3
Sound waves
Visual pathway and structures
Rou Yu Tan and Jiyu Hong
Electromagnetic light waves
The Eye
click here to continue
1. Cornea- shiny, transparent layer on the front of the eye that protects eye tissues and focuses light into oueyes
2. Iris- colored muscle that controls the amount of light passing into the eye
3. Pupil- opening at the center of the iris
4. Lens- focuses light onto the fovea of the retina
5. Retina- a layer of photoreceptors cells and glial cells within the eye that captures incoming photons
click here to continue
6. Optic nerve- transmits electrical impulses from the photoreceptors on the retina to the brain
Pathway to the brain
click here to continue
8. Optic Tract- nerve fibers that serves to carry visual information from the optic chiasm to the left and right lateral geniculate bodies (thalamus)
7. Optic chiasm- Crossing of the optic nerves of the left and right eye
6. Optic nerve (description in previous slide)
9. Lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus)- All visual information leaving the retina stops at this nucleus for processing before sent to the primary visual cortex
click here to continue
10. Superior colliculus- involved in incorporating environmental stimuli and coordinating gaze shifts involving both eye and head movements. Neurons in the superficial layers receive direct input from the retina.
11. Pineal gland- receive information about the daily light-dark (day-night) cycle from the ganglion cells of the retina, and then produce and release (secrete) melatonin accordingly
click here to continue
click here to continue
12. Occipital Lobe- recieves visual information from the thalamus and is involved in higher level processing of the visual information. It processes and interprets everything we see including determining location, spatial information, and color data.
13. Oculomotor nerve- This is the 3rd cranial nerve. It is involved in eyeball and eyelid movement; it controls the constriction of the pupils and thickening of the lens of the eye.
14. Trochlear nerve- This is the 4th cranial nerve. It is responsible for eye movement through its innervation of the superior oblique. The trochlear nerve controls the abduction and intorsion of the eye.
15. Abducens nerve- This is the 6th cranial nerve. It controls the lateral rectus muscle, which abducts the eye (side to side movement)
Auditory Pathway
1. vestibulocochlear
nerve- Eighth cranial nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the pons.
click here to continue
2. superior
olivary nucleus (pons)- a collection of brainstem nuclei that functions in multiple aspects of hearing and begins to interpret the information from the vestibulocochlear nerve.
4. medial genticulate
nucleus (thalamus)- Part of the auditory part of the thalamus. Receives information from the three brainstem nuclei and projects information to auditory cortex.
3. inferior colliculus- Continues auditory processing. It is responsible for integrated sound localization, is involved in generating the startle response, orienting the body toward relevant stimuli, and discriminating pitch and rhythm
5. primary auditory cortex of temporal lobe- Involved in higher order processes such as discriminating volume and pitch, location of the sound, and comprehension of spoken language.