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The Ozark Plateau

  • Covers 55 Square Miles
  • Home to the oldest surface rocks in Kansas
  • Mostly limestone
  • Poor soil for farming
  • Hickory & Oak forests
  • 40 inches of precipitation per year

Cherokee Lowlands

  • Covers 1000 Square Miles
  • Mostly shale and sandstone
  • Fertile soils ideal for farmlands
  • Rich in coal
  • Formed from the swamps here 323 million years ago
  • Coal mining began in 1874
  • By the 1930s strip mining replaced digging deeper mineshafts
  • 1000+ strip mine lakes
  • Often 60+ feet deep

Osage Cuestas

  • East facing ridges
  • Up to 200 feet tall
  • Mix of terrains
  • Flat plains & rolling hills
  • Mostly shale & limestone
  • Formed over a span of 23 million years
  • Ridges formed as shale eroded

Chautauqua Hills

  • Average width of 10 miles
  • Defined by its sandstone and shale
  • Erosion left behind hills capped with sandstone
  • Only region in Kansas with Black Jack Oaks and Post Oaks

Glaciated Region

  • Only region in Kansas to be covered by glaciers
  • One barely reaching NE Kansas
  • The second covering the whole region with 500 feet of ice around 600,000 years ago
  • Fertile soil called "loess" left by the glaciers
  • Many Sioux Quartzite bouldres also left behind

Flint Hills

  • Shale & limestone with one addition
  • FLINT (chert)
  • Hills protected by layers of flint
  • Thin and rocky soil only suitable for ranching
  • Home to the last significant area of tallgrass prairie

Wellington-Mcpherson Lowlands

  • Flat to slightly rolling plains
  • Thick layers of sand, silt, and rock
  • Fertile soils developed over top
  • Equus Aquifer
  • Used by Wichita, Hutchinson, & Mcpherson
  • Hutchinson Salt Bed
  • Sand dunes

Smoky Hills

  • Named after its hazy valleys in its eastern sandstone region
  • Three rock regions
  • Sandstone - Dakota Formation
  • Limestone - Greenhorn Limestone
  • Chalk - Niobrara Chalk
  • Deposited during the Cretacious period
  • Kansas was covered by the Permean Sea

Arkansas River Lowlands

  • Flat rolling plains
  • Sand, gravel, & other sediment deposited by the river
  • Fertile soil away from the riverbanks
  • Arkansas River begins high in the Rockies

Red Hills

  • Shale, siltstone, & sandstone
  • Colored red by Iron Oxide
  • Many buttes, mesas, & caves
  • Gypsum protects the hillsides
  • Dissolves in water forming caves
  • Gypsum still being mined in region
  • Pratt Anticline contributes to minor earthquakes in the region

High Plains

  • Western 1/3 of Kansas
  • Mount Sunflower
  • Large flat plains and gently rolling plains
  • Sand & Gravel eroded from the Rockies
  • Little precipitation & high winds
  • Desert-type plant life
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