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ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE WEIMAR PERIOD
2
ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE WEIMAR PERIOD
-done by Anish, Ali, Prisha
cultural
CULTURE
There was a cultural revival
after the Kaisar's strict censorship. The Weimar Constitution allowed free expression of ideas- dubbed the GOLDEN AGE
ART
-musicians all flourished and began to portray reality in Germany, although it was harsh. they began experimenting in new styles too, modernizing music arrangements, making it extremely popular, all around the world
-The Weimar era provided a vital opportunity for the development of modernist architecture. this brought to fame the, Bauhaus design college, which promoted futuristic designs with an emphasis on technology and clear lines.- Bahaus movement, 1919
bauhaus styke buikding
literature.
literature
the dawn of the new republic ecnouraged the rise of writers, film and theatre directors.
these poems and films were based on expressionism and rejection of tradional forms and critical POV of new political and social order.
-movies in weimar germany, using heavy symbolism and imagery to share ideas, gave birth to world famous stars, like Lil Dagover.The German film and cinema industry boomed during the 1920s. The main features of the industry were as follows: The economic disruption of the Weimar period produced an expressionist style in German film-making, with films often having unrealistic sets and featuring exaggerated acting techniques.- 1920s, was regarded as golden age of cinemas
POLITICS
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted
POLITICS
-there were no more attempted revolutions after 1923, and parties who supported these revolutions began to cooperate again, bringing a period of political stability.
- BUT, Nazis and communists were building their parties. There were 4 different chancellors in these years. Around 30% of the vote went against the Republic. Nazis and right wing nationalists. Hindenburg was elected in 1926 and he wrote to the Kaiser in exile for approval before taking the post-showing that kaiser still held an impact on politics.
Timeline
1926
1929
1924
-Germany joined the league of nations
This was a great honour for Germany to be considered an equal power alongside the First World War victors. The impact of Germany joining was similar to that of the Locarno Pact. It boosted the confidence of foreign powers and moderate Germans in the Republic and Stresemann himself.
-Stressemann tried to reverse terms of the TOV here
YOUNG PLAN-
The Young Plan was an attempt by former wartime allies to support the government of Weimar Germany.
- cut Germany's total reparations from £6.6billion to £2 billion.
- gave 59 years to pay reparations meaning Germany would be paying reparations until 1988.
- france and belgium withdrew from Ruhr and Rhineland, finally, in 1930.
Dawes plan- reparations no longer to be paid, and 800 million marks in loan from USA. the money boosted industrial production, created jobs, boosted the economy and modernized the country
ECONOMY & FOREIGN POLICY
1923
1928
stresemann's first achievement was the resuce of german currency, and called of the strike in Ruhr and convinced french to withdraw
In 1928 Germany achieved the same levels of production as pre-war levels. -Wages for workers rose.
-Big businesses gained as they controlled about 1/2 of Germany's industrial production.
-Landowners gained as they could buy smaller plots of lang off people
-workers rose and they got sympathy from the Weimar government
1925
1928
KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT- nearly all nations agreeing to renounce war as an instrument of national policy and to settle all international disputes by peaceful means.
1925, signed the Locarno Treaties, improving the relations between European countries up until 1930
-germany promised not to change its western borders, BUT nothing was mentioned about eastern frontiers.
-Britain and Italy pledged to aid against any aggressor.
FAILURES/DISADVANTAGES/SETBACKS
SETBACKS
ALTHOUGH MANY DID REGARD THE 1920S A GOLDEN AGE AND A HUGE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC TO SURVIVE THE MASSIVE PROBLEM, THERE WERE HUGE SETBACKS TO MANY ACHIEVEMENTS-
EVEN THOUGHT THE WEIMAR CULTURE WAS EXTREMELY POPULAR, IT SEEMES TO REPRESENT A MORAL AND CULTURAL DECLINE FUELED BY AMERICAN IMMIGRANTS AND JEWISH ARTISTS AND MUSICIANS- which seemed to make a majority of artists.
THIS NEW WAY OF LIFE WAS EXTREMELY DISLIKED BY CONSERVATISTS- LIKE OLD PEOPLE, AND THE RIGHT WING FACTIONS-who, like nazis, used this points to gain popularity amongst countrysides.
ORGANIZATIONS LIKE the wandervogel movement WERE OPPOSING REACTIONS TO WEIMAR'S CULTURE, AND CALLED FOR A RETURN TO SIMPLE COUNTRY VALUES AND CALLED FOR MODERNIZATIONS TO THE COUNTRY SIDE.
CULTURE
DESPITE THE STABILITY OF POLITICS IN THIS PERIOD,, THERE WERE STILL MAJOR PROBLEMS
-BOTH THE NAZIS AND COMMUNISTS WERE BUILDING THEIR PARTIES
-THERE WERE 4 DIFFERENT CHANCELLORS IN THESE YEARS
-AROUND 30% OF THE VOTE WENT TO THE PARTIES WHO OPPOSED THE REPUBLIC
- THE RIGHT WING PARTIES WERE NOT DESTROYED COMPLETELY, INSTEAD THE RIGHT WING NATIONALIST PARTY AND NAZIS BEGAN COLLABORATING TO APPEAR MORE RESPECTABLE
-HINDENBURG WAS ELECTED AS PRESIDENT IN 1926, HE WAS OPPOSED TO DEMOCRACY-STILL SUPPORTED KAISER- and even wrote to him in exile for approval
POLITICS
- weimar economy was dependent and would collapse, as US could call back the loans anytime
- unemployment began to rise-6% of working population
- main losers were farmers and middle classs-
-peasant farmers made so much during the war, yet in peacetime had very little demand, and found themselves overproducing thus couldnt pay mortages
-small buisness owners were losing buisness due to bigger stores-owned by jews, and were soon being bought out.
these people felt that the weimar government offered them very little
ECONOMY
- NATIONALISTS ATTACKED STRESSEMANN FOR SIGNING THE LOCARNO PACT AND JOINING THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS- as it meant that germany was finally accepting the treaty of versailles
- THE COMMUNISTS ATTACKED LOCARNO TOO- they saw it as a part of a plot against the communist government in USSR