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Evolution of Democracy

Amara Bernier

The Code of King Hammurabi- 1750 BC

  • The king believed he needed a universal set of laws for all the people he conquered to achieve his goals
  • He compiled a list of 282 laws
  • He ruled the Babylonian Empire
  • The king stated that he wanted to make justice visible in the land, to destroy the wicked person, and that the strong might not injure the weak
  • The laws themselves support this claim, and protects windows, orphan sand others from being harmed or exploited

1215

King John I: Magna Carta-1215

  • A charter agreed to by King John of England
  • Magna Carta was a peace treaty; more of a bargaining chip than a surrender
  • It introduced the laws that no one is above the law, including the king. The king had to follow these laws, and they gave rights to the people (right to justice and fair trial)
  • It laid the foundations for parliament and constitutional governments

1689

John Locke: Concerning Civil Goverment- 1689

  • John Locke wrote a political philosophy known as the Two Treaties of Government
  • It is an essay concerning the true original, extent and end of Civil Government.
  • He discusses men's move from state of nature characterized by perfect freedom and governed by reason to a civil government. They are governed by reason and seek the preservation of mankind.

1789

Declaration of the Rights of Man-1789

  • Passed by France's National Constituent Assembly
  • 17 laws/rights were declared
  • They believed that the ignorance, neglect or contempt of the rights of man are the main cause of public calamities and of the corruption of governments
  • Some rights declared included: Law can only prohibit actions that are hurtful to society. All persons are held innocent until declared guilty
  • Important because these laws still exist today

1870

Amendment XV to Constitution of the U.S -1870

  • Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, colour or previous condition of servitude.
  • Granted African American men the right to vote
  • Despite the amendment, various discrimatory practices were used to prevent african americans from exercising their right to vote
  • The voting rights act of 1965 aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that denied blacks their right to vote under the 15th amendment.

1893

New Zealand: Election Act- 1893

  • The governor, Lord Glascow, signed a new electoral act into law. As a result of this, New Zealand became the first self governing country in the world in which all women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections
  • The achievement was a result of years of effort by suffrage campaigners led by Kate Sheppard, including a series of massive petitions against the government.
  • In most other democracies such as Britain and the United States, women did not win the right until after the first world war

1948

U.N Universal Declaration of Human Rights- 1948

  • Declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris, France
  • Motivated by the experiences of the world wars, it was the first time countries agreed on a comprehensive statement of inalienable rights
  • The 30 articles of the UDHR establish the civil, political, economic, social amd cultural rights of all people

1951

European Member States- 1951

  • Orginally founded in 1951, by Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxemburg and the Netherlands
  • It officially began in 1993, involving 28 member states in Europe called the European Union
  • It's purpose is to promote greater social, political, and economic harmony among the nations of Western Europe
  • Supernational institutions work with national governments to govern the implemation of these standards and help the European Union to act as a unified body on the world stage
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