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Road Map to the Civil War

Christien Saunders and Charles James Williams

1790-1820

Second Great Awakening (1795-1835)

The Second Great Awakening was a protestant revival that led to a wealth of reform movements. One of these reform movements was the abolitionist movement against slavery. This directly goes to the Civil War because it increased the amount of people who opposed slavery. This increased tensions over the admittance of new states.

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

The Louisiana Purchase was the sale of the French Louisiana territory to the United States. It was a large amount of land that sold for roughly three cents an acre. This would go on to become several states. This correlates to the Civil War because this territory was fought over whether it should be free or slaves states, which created tensions.

The Missouri Compromise (1820)

Missouri Compromise (1820)

The Missouri Compromise was a legislative compromise that admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and established a line between free and slave states at the 36° 30' parallel. This slowed tensions at the time but still allowed a possibility for an uneven Senate. This eventually led to more tensions because it was deemed unconstitutional.

1820-1835

Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)

Southampton County, Virginia. Nat Turner, an enslaved man, saw that he was God-sent to revolt against his captors. He started his revolt with a few slaves and enlisted about 75 slaves. They marched from farm to farm, killing white inhabitants. Most of the victims were women and children, as most of the men were away at a revival. Afterward, Turner and some of his followers hid for about 6 weeks, until ultimately he was found, convicted and hanged. This event contributed to the end of the emancipation movement in the area and led to tightening restrictions on slaves. Enslaved individuals were no longer allowed to have firearms, become preachers, or learn to read. This widened the gap between the political sides that would finally lead to the Civil War

Nullification Crisis of 1832-1833

The Nullification Crisis began with the Tariff of 1828, which was to impose a heavy tax on most imported goods from Europe. This was very helpful to the northern industry, the south was upset because this would raise prices on southern consumers to benefit the north. This led to the idea of nullification from John Calhoun of South Carolina. The South Carolina legislature passed the Ordinance of Nullification, which declared the tariffs null and void. It was ordered that all state officials would follow the ordinance or be removed from office. This crisis had serious implications and laid the foundation for the succession of southern states in the Civil War.

1835-1846

Annexation of Texas (1845)

Texas was a part of Mexico until 1836. Then, in fulfilling their manifest destiny, many settlers from the US moved into the area. They declared independence as the Republic of Texas, which was independent for 9 years. Pro- and anti-slavery groups battled over Texas being either a free state or a slave state. This division worsened the ongoing struggle leading to the Civil War.

1846-1855

Mexican American War (1846-1848)

This war started I part over border disputes between Mexico and Texas. This war confirmed the border at the Rio Grande. The war started with a skirmish along the Rio Grande, and was the first American war on foreign soil. Because of manifest destiny, many Americans supported the war. By the end of the war, the US gained what is now California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. This furthered the path to the Civil War, as the addition of this much territory while the slavery fight continued to rage would potentially alter the balance of power in the slave vs free states.

Kansas Nebraska Act / Bleeding Kansas (1854)

The Kansas Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise. It created the new territories and gave them popular sovereignty. However, this proved problematic as pro-slavery and anti-slavery engaged in a bloody local civil war. Bleeding Kansas descrbes the resultant warfare between the two groups. These battles intensified the dispute between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions and was a key precursor to the Civil War.

1855-1861

The Raid (1859)

John Brown's Raid (1859)

John Brown and his men raided Harpers Ferry in the October of 1859. They led an attack aimed to arm the slave population using the arms found in the fort. However, they were met with great resistance and failed. John Brown was put to death for Treason. This showed both the North and South that violence was going to be necessary to solve the issue of slavery and sectionalism in the United States.

The Compromise of 1860

The Compromise of 1860

The Compromise of 1860 was the last attempt at compromise to prevent a Civil War. It consisted of four congressional resolutions but it did not pass through the Senate because it would have made Republicans vote to allow the expansion of slavery. This was one of the final straws that led to the Civil War. This was because it showed compromise could no longer work.

The Civil War (1861-1865)

1861: CIVIL WAR

The Civil War was the bloodiest American War in history. Over 630,000 Americans died fighting to preserve the Union and against slavery. We still remember them today.

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