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Timeline -

History Of Cape York

Pre Contact (pre 1700)

The first documented landing on Australia was by a European from the Netherlands in 1606. His name was Willem Janszoon and he made made landfall at Pennefather river on the western shore of Cape York QLD.

In 1770, Captain James Cook and his ship the "Endeavour" ran afoul of the Great Barrier Reef and seriously damaged the hull. To avoid sinking, all the crew and stores had to be offloaded in order to free the "Endeavour" from the reef. Cook needed to find safe waters, and fast, so he sailed his damaged 368 ton vessel into the closest river he could find.

Pre Contact (Pre 1700)

Contact (1700~1800)

A railway line from Cooktown to Laura was built on the 4 April 1884.

In 1875 a young Welshman from Rossville, Jack Ross and his wife Annie decided to build The infamous Lion's Den Hotel. Sadly Jack Ross' time at the Lions Den was short, for at the end of 1889 he died at the age of 23, leaving his young widow Annie and his infant daughter, Louise behind.

Contact (1700~1800)

Cooktown Railway Line

Railway line

The Mayor of Cooktown 'turned the first sod' of the rail line on 4 April 1884. Due to the wet season the first section between Cooktown and the Palmer Road, 48 km (30 miles), was not completed until November 1885. In the first month of operation the section carried more than 570 passengers. Within three years the line was extended to Laura with stations at Sandown, Sandy Creek and Welcome. It was here construction ran into difficulty. There was a change of government and concern grew over escalating costs. It was estimated that the 75 km of line from Laura to Maytown would cost almost $2m sterling.

Contact (1890~1950)

The government forcibly removed many children from the Gulf of Carpentaria region to Mapoon when the mission became an Industrial School under the Industrial and Reformatory Schools Act (1865) (Qld) in 1901. Mapoon’s status as an Industrial School meant that it became an official location for Aboriginal children that were forcibly removed from their parents under this legislation.

Pearling became the largest industry in far north Queensland in the 1890s and had a massive impact on coastal Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Contact (1890~1950)

Post Contact (1950)

Owned by Rio Tinto, the Weipa bauxite mine is located on the Western Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, Australia. The mine, which officially commenced production in 1969, is operated by Rio Tinto Aluminum and produces roughly 16.3 million tons of bauxite annually.

For ages you could only get to Weipa by car but in 1967 they decided to build Weipa it's own new airport. Commenced operation with the arrival of an Ansett ANA Fokker Friendship aircraft on 11 October 1967.

Post Contact (1950)

Weipa bauxite mine

Weipa bauxite mine

Mining activities at Weipa officially began in the late 1950s, following the discovery of the vast bauxite resource by a geologist named Harry Evans in 1955. The town of Weipa was constructed by Rio Tinto Aluminum in the 1960s to house its mining workforce, but today is the regional hub of the Western Cape hosting many businesses and government services.

Operations at Weipa consists of two continuous mining operations at East Weipa and Andoom, two beneficiation plants, 19 kilometers of railway to transport mined bauxite to the port area, two stockpiles and two ship loaders. Some product are shipped to international customers but the majority of Weipa bauxite is supplied to the Queensland Alumina Limited and Rio Tinto Aluminum Yarwun refineries, both located in Gladstone, Queensland.

Post Contact (1960~1972)

On November 15, 1963, an armed detachment of Queensland Police arrived at the Aboriginal community of Mapoon with orders to forcibly remove 23 Aboriginal residents. That night the police burst into Aboriginal people's homes and rounded up the occupants.

Weipa township development began in 1965 when Comalco began to mine the extensive bauxite deposits that had been discovered in the area. The mine is now operated by Rio Tinto and is the largest bauxite mine in the world.

Post Contact (1960~1972)

Contemporary (1972~2000)

On 23 December 1996 the court found in favour of the Wik people. A euphoric Gladys Tybingoompa did a ceremonial dance outside the court. Pearson declared it “a tectonic shift in justice”. Reflecting on the decision, Gibson says: “They tried to find an avenue to get their message across. It worked to a certain extent but it also pissed off a lot of people in Canberra.

Apunipima Cape York Health Council emerged from a health conference held at Pajinka Wilderness Lodge, near Injinoo (at the tip of Cape York) in September 1994. The conference was attended by representatives of 17 Cape York communities and associated homelands concerned about the poor health status of Cape York Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.

Contemporary (1972~2000)

Contemporary (After 2000)

Mapoon church was the old mission but burnt down in 1963 and a new 1.6 million dollar one was build.

In 2019, Metro expanded the mine's 2019 calendar year production from 3.0Mtpa to 3.5Mpa and, reached the upper end of Production Guidance by shipping 3.5Mt that year.

Contemporary (After 2000)

Mapoon church

Mapoon on western Cape York has unveiled a new church, the first in the community since the old mission was destroyed under orders of the Queensland government in 1963. The new $1.6 million building was opened with a special blessing ceremony attended by a congregation of about 200 worshippers. The Mayor said she hoped the new house of worship would help heal wounds of the past and guide a stronger future for the community.

bibliography

https://cooktownandcapeyork.com/do/history/captain-james-cook

https://www.nla.gov.au/faq/who-was-the-first-european-to-land-on-australia

https://cooktownandcapeyork.com/do/history/cooktown-railway

https://australianstogether.org.au/discover-and-learn/our-history/stolen-generations/

https://www.qhatlas.com.au/content/pearling

https://progressivetraveller.com/15-things-about-weipa-australia/#:~:text=A%20new%20Weipa%20airport%20commenced%20operation%20with%20the,flights%20from%20Cairns%20to%20Weipa%20%2890%20minutes%20airtime%29.

https://miningdigital.com/smart-mining/mine-spotlight-weipa-bauxite-mine

https://www.bing.com/search?q=forcible+removal+of+mapoon&cvid=c950450d90404e0b8dff6df9873dda79&aqs=edge..69i57j69i64j69i11004.5821j0j4&FORM=ANAB01&DAF0=1&PC=U531

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