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CRCCS

PLASTIC POLLUTION IN

OUR OCEANS

Ava

Paciullo 7WO

SEPTEMBER 7TH, 2018

BIBLIOGRAPHY

https://www.plasticoceans.org/the-facts/

http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/3583576.htm

http://education.abc.net.au/home#!/media/2350775/microplastics-in-our-oceans

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s3591476.htm

http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2017-02-27/plastic-and-plastic-waste-explained/8301316#lightbox-content-lightbox-21

http://plastic-pollution.org/

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?

WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?

We as a singular unit or as a community or government can do many things to prevent plastic pollution in our oceans.

SMALL CHANGES

SMALL

DIFFERENCES

As regular people we can make small differences in our life that in the long run can make a huge difference. These may include:

-Use reusable bags (not plastic bags)

-Try avoid food with plastic packaging

-RECYCLE ALL PLASTIC

-Don't litter

-Pick up rubbish around your home or school

LARGER PROJECTS

LARGER CHANGES

In our community or government we can make larger differences that result in larger more positive and environmentally friendly outcomes.These larger differences may include:

-Beach and river cleanups

-Not using straws or plastic cups

-Creating more laws against littering or plastic usage (such as the new law called "straws only given on request")

WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?

WHAT'S THE PROBLEM?

The problem with plastic is that it is extremely buoyant, durable, and breaks down after being exposed to the sun and water for long periods of time. Plastic products slowly release chemicals into the water and into the inhabitants of the area/the animals that ingest it, this may cause fish to become sick or even die. This can link back to us humans because we are on top of the food chain. The chemical threat increases as it goes through the food chain (chemicals from plastic go into fish and others that eat that fish) leaving us humans at the most risk. Now none of our produce from our oceans can not be considered "fresh" because of the possible ingestion of plastic and their chemicals. Plastic can also pollute and destroy animals habitats creating more environmental problems.

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS?

Not only does plastic harm fish, but extremely polluted water can kill coral and other marine plantlike. It can turn bright coloured (alive) coral into a whitish/greyish colour. Coral is home to many different reef fish so without the coral it can lead to the death or malnutrition of fish. This can lead to the extinction of many different fish species.

EFFECTS

WHAT ABOUT US?

Water pollution kills organisms and fish such as fish, turtles and sharks. Also the chemical inheritance from the fish we eat (from plastic) can give humans sicknesses such as typhoid fever, cholera, heart disease and cancer.

HUMANS

BREAKING IT DOWN

Because plastic is so buoyant, durable and can withstand extremely high/low temperatures, it doesn't just disappear after a long period of time. It stays in our water systems for pretty much forever. The only way to destroy plastic is to burn it (which also isn't good for our environment) and can pollute our air.

Plastic breaks down after being exposed to the salty water and the sun for a long period of time. These little pieces of plastic are called micro-plastics. They are one of the most dangerous plastics because birds and sea life mistake them for food, eat them and may die with a stomach full of plastic. Birds then feed their children the plastic, which can also kill the young birds, causing the population of sea birds to decrease.

BREAKING IT DOWN

MICRO-PLASTIC

MICRO PLASTIC

Why is plastic and micro plastic such a concern? Well, plastic doesn't only destroy habitats for animals, but it can also make sea creatures and humans sick.When animals eat plastic, the plastic releases chemicals that can infect sea life. The harmful properties of these chemicals worsen as you go up the food chain, leaving humans at the most risk. Plastic also harms sea birds. They mistake plastic for food and ingest it, the plastic will release chemicals, slowing down their digestion. This can kill the birds, leaving them with a stomach full of plastic/micro plastic.

OUR CONTRIBUTION

ONE AUSTRALIAN CONTRIBUTES....

Each Australian uses an average amount of 130 kg of plastic per year, with only 12% being recycled. This means over 130,000 tonnes of plastic enter our oceans per year.

THE SEVEN DIFFERENT PLASTICS

DIFFERENT PLASTICS

1- Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

Is typically used to bottle soft drinks, water, juice, mouthwash, sport drinks and containers for condiments. This plastic is considered safe, but can leak toxic metals and semi metals, which was used during its manufacturing.

7-Other Assorted Plastics

These include acrylic, polycarbonate, polylactic fibers, nylon and fiberglass.

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6- Polypropylene (PP)

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This plastic is used for making yoghurt containers, medication packaging and takeout meals. Even though this plastic has a high heat tolerance, making it less likely for it to leak chemicals, it was tested in a laboratory and was shown to leak 2 different chemicals.

5-Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

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This is another plastic that is considered to be low hazard. It is used in newspapers, fresh produce, household garbage bags, frozen food packaging, as well as in paper milk cartoons and hot/cold beverage cups. It is known to leak chemicals similar to High Density Polyethylene.

4-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

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This is either a flexible or rigid plastic. It is commonly found in plastic toys, table cloths and is also used to package medication.

3- High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

This type of plastic is a low hazard plastic and is most commonly used for milk, juice and water bottles, as well as bottles for cleaning supplies and shampoo. It is also used in the production of grocery bags. It has been found to release estrogen chemicals.

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2-Polystyrene (PS)

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Polystyrene, also known as Styrofoam, is used to make cups, plates, bowls, takeout containers and much more. Polystrene is known to leak styrene, which can damage your nervous system and is linked to cancer. Different temperatures are known to play a role in how much of the chemical is released, which means hot food and drinks may be the worst things to be in contact with styrofoam cups, plates etc.These include acrylic, polycarbonate, polyactic fibers, nylon and fiberglass.

WHAT IS THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM?

Marine Ecosystems are among our earths largest aquatic ecosystems. The various types of marine ecosystems include salt marshes, lagoons, mangroves, coral reefs, deep sea, the sea floor, polar regions such as the Antarctic and Arctic, kelp forests, rocky shores and the open ocean in general. These ecosystem are essential for the health of both marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

WHAT IS THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM?

FOOD CHAIN

TYPICAL FOOD CHAIN

A typical marine food chain found in Australia normally include our native animals. One of our marine food chains are:

BIOTIC FACTORS

Biotic Factors (relating to a living organism/ living thing). These factors work hand in hand with Abiotic factors to sustain a healthy ecosystem. These factors include:

BIOTIC FACTORS

-Plankton

-Coral (can also be abiotic in some instances)

-Shrimp

-Starfish

-Squid/ Octopus

-Sharks

-Predation

-Fouling

-Fish

-Whales

-Competition for food and space

-Dolphins

-Plants ( Seaweed)

-Jelly-Fish

ABIOTIC FACTORS

Abiotic Factors (not derived from living organisms/living things) are a crucial part of maintaining our water sources. These factors include:

ABIOTIC FACTORS

-UV Radiation

-Exposure to Air

-Extreme Temperatures

-Currents

-Water Pressure

-Lack of Sunlight

-Water

-Light

-Dissolved Gases

-Tides

-Waves

-Nutrient Availability

-Soil

-Rocks

-Minerals

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