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Parasite Diagnostics
102
Transcript
Parasite Diagnostics
VAT130 - Laboratory Procedures
Rachel Kinser RVT, VTS(ECC)
Fecal
Collection & Examination
- Collection Methods
- Collection container
- Fecal Loop
- Pooled samples
- 2-4 grams
- Gross Examination
- Presence of blood or mucus
- Visible parasites
Fecal Direct Smear
- Smear a thin amount of fecal material onto half of an unfrosted slide.
- Place a drop or two of NaCl- and gently mix with the feces.
- Place coverslip over mixture.
- Evaluate on low power field (10 x) for parasite ova, ensuring the entire coverslip has been examined.
- Evaluate on high power field (40 x) for RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, motile trophozoites, cysts and nematode larvae.
Fecal Floatation
- Most intestinal parasite eggs specific gravity 1.10 – 1.20 g/mL
- Flotation solution specific gravity greater than ova
- Common solutions used:
- Sugar (more egg recovery – highest specific gravity)
- Sodium Chloride
- Sodium Nitrate
- Zinc Sulfate (Best for giardia cysts)
Fecal Flotation
- Place 2 - 4 grams of feces in Fecalyzer.
- Fill approximately halfway with Zinc Sulfate or other flotation solution and gently mix to produce an emulsion.
- Fill the remaining half to the top the syringe case forming a convex dome.
- Place a cover slip on top of the Fecalyzer
- Allow to remain undisturbed for 10 minutes.
- Pick the cover slip straight up and place it onto the other half of the slide containing the direct sample (if the direct was performed), fluid side down
- Evaluate on low power field (10x) for parasite ova or cysts. For smaller cysts/ova, use 40x objective.
Fecal Centrifuge
- Swing arm vs Fixed head
- Centrifuge 800 rmp for 10 minutes
Microscope Slide Examination
Coccidia
Tapeworms
Roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Heartworm
Heartworm Testing
Skin
Skin Scrapping
- Use a laboratory spatula or a No. 10 scalpel blade dulled by repeatedly scraping the blade's edge on a hard surface.
- Apply mineral oil to the dull blade and the microscope slide, as well as to the lesion to be scraped.
- After scraping, mix the accumulated debris on the blade into the mineral oil on the microscope slide, apply a coverslip, and examine the slide under 4X to 10X magnification.
Demodex Mange
- Demodex mites live in hair follicles
- Scrape until capillary oozing
- Squeeze skin between scrapping
Sarcoptes (Scabies)
- Muliple wide superficial scrapping of lesions
- Elbows, ear pinna, ventral trunk
- False negatives common
Tape Prep
- Cheyletiella Mites – Walking Dandruff
- Using multiple applications of clear (not frosted) acetate tape onto scaly areas.
- After sample collection, apply the tape to a microscope slide (no oil or stain is used) and examine under 4X magnification.
Ear Swabbing
- Ear Mites
- Otodectes cynotis
- Swab sample from ear with cotton tip
- Apply to microscope slide with mineral oil
- Examine under 4X magnification
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