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Understanding Students with ADHD
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Data
Approximately 6 million or 11% of children in the United States were diagnosed with ADHD. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2015)
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Data
The number of ADHD diagnoses in the U.S. skyrocketed 43% between 2003 and 2011. (CDC)
- 7.8% in 2003
- 9.5% in 2007
- 11% in 2011-2012
Why the increase in ADHD?
Why the increase in ADHD?
The increase in ADHD symptoms and diagnosis could result from a combination of factors.
Factors including:
- Over diagnosis.
- Pressures to excell academically with the "magic pill".
- Too much indoor living.
- Lack of structure and poor sleep habits.
- Increase in digital devices and use by children.
- Advertising and marketing
Also, there is an interesting correlation between No Child Left Behind and the rise of ADHD.
Behaviors/Characteristics
of Students with ADHD
Behaviors/Characteristics
of Students with ADHD
Behaviors and characteristics tend to fall under two categories, inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive.
Inattentive
• Careless mistakes
• Easily distracted
• Difficulty following instructions
• Doesn’t seem to be listening when spoken directly to
• Trouble organizing tasks/possessions
• Fails to finish tasks
• Avoids or resists tasks
• Loses homework, materials, & belonging
• Daydreams or appears bored
Hyperactive/Impulsive
• Fidgets or squirms
• Trouble staying in seat
• Runs or climbs where inappropriate
• Trouble playing/working quietly
• Extremely impatient
• Always seems to be “on the go” or “driven by a motor”
• Talks excessively
• Blurts out answers
• Interrupts or intrudes
It is important to remember that behaviors and characteristics of students with ADHD are more extreme then of same age peers.
How could those characteristic affect learning and participation at school?
Those symptoms, behaviors or characteristics make it difficult for some students to learn and participate as well as…
- harder to finish work.
- get along with other students and/or teachers.
- work independently.
- stay out of trouble.
Often times, students with ADHD or with those characteristics miss more instruction time and classroom time making it difficult for them to be successful academically.
ADHD Characteristics & Degree of Behavior
Not all students with the ADHD diagnosis or symptoms demonstrate the same characteristics or degree of behavior.
ADHD Characteristics & Degree of Behavior
Some students have no problems at school.
Some students do not need to be placed in Special Eductaion but benefit from accommodations in the regular classroom.
Some are more extreme and do need/benefit from Special Education and Individualized Education Program (IEP).
Individualized Education Program
Categroy
According to IDEA 2004, most students with ADHD are identified in the category of “Other Health Impaired.”
Individualized Education Program
Categroy
The legal definition of “Other Health Impaired” means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness including heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment that…is due to chronic or acute health problems such as…ADHD and more.
Some students with ADHD fall under the category of “Specific Learning Disability.”
Effective Class-Wide Interventions
Effective Class-Wide Interventions
There are many effective class-wide interventions that especially benefit students who display characteristics of ADHD.
• Behavior management systems
• Rule reminders and classroom procedures with visual cues
• Teaching strategies including self-monitoring and self-management
• Using peer monitoring and partners and group systems
• Instructional modifications
• Environmental considerations
• Social & emotional interventions
• Organization