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Comparing Imperialism: 1750-1900

By: Maya Hong

Imperialism in Africa

Africa

  • Anglo-Zulu War ended in British gaining control over Zulu
  • Berlin Conference was between European countries as to which European country get to take control over which African country(ies)
  • Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement- Xhosa "sacrificed" their cattle believing it will get rid of the Europeans
  • Imperialized Africa due to its abundance of natural resources such as gold and diamonds
  • Madhist Revolt- natives wanted Egyptian and British rulers out of Sudan but they were defeated when Egypt and British forces aligned
  • Britain was able to imperialize many African countries due to its unstable government and the lack of modern weapons
  • Method: direct

Imperialism in China

China

  • British wanted things like silk, porcelain, and tea from China
  • China still had control over their government but Britain had control over their economy
  • Taiping Rebellion- fight for stronger government which led to the British gaining more control over China's government
  • Boxer Rebellion- Chinese natives began a violent attack on foreigners to drive them out of China
  • Europe attempted to westernize China by trying to influence their culture
  • Opium Wars- China didn't like that British merchants were selling opium illegally in China
  • Opium wars ended with the Treaty of Nanking which opened up China to western trade and influence
  • Britain was able to do this because of China's weak central government and China's lack of modern weapons
  • Method: indirect and somewhat direct

Imperialism in India

  • The British exiled the Mughal emperor
  • East India Company sponsored Britain to help the British easier gain control over India
  • The British Raj followed orders from the British government
  • Indians attended British universities where they learned enlightenment ideas such as independence
  • The university students made the Indian National Congress which discussed self-rule
  • Britain was able to gain control so easily due to its lack of national identity
  • Indian Rebellion of 1857- gun cartridges were greased with animal fat which went against many sepoy's religious beliefs which was the kick-start to the rebellion

India

  • Sepoy- an Indian soldier working for and following orders from Britain
  • Britain and the East India Company wanted some of India's resources such as spices, silk, and cotton
  • Indian Rebellion of 1857 resulted in The Sepoy Mutiny which helped Britain gain more control over India
  • Method: direct

India Continued

Imperialism Australia and New Zealand

Oceania and Southeast

Asia

  • Australia was first pronounced as a penal colony of Britain
  • Britain later discovered Australia's ability to produce of wool and copper
  • Britain broke the promise (Treaty of Waitangi) they made with Maori by making New Zealand a penal colony
  • Treaty of Waitangi- protected Maori culture and homeland
  • New Zealand also had an abundance of natural resources such as gold and the discovery of sheep farming
  • Britain was able to do this because of its plentiful industrial and modern technologies
  • There was no extreme response to imperialism
  • method: direct

Imperialism in Southeast Asia

  • Vietnam's leader was exiled and the rebellion was calmed
  • Vietnam became apart of French IndoChina
  • The Philippines resisted imperialism
  • The Philippine-American War and the Treaty of Paris allowed the US control over the Philippines
  • Siam, modern-day Thailand was the only Southeastern Asian country to not be colonized
  • Wanted Southeast Asia's spices, tea, rice, and precious metals
  • Method: direct

Southeast Asia

Imperialism in Latin America

Latin America

  • Monroe Doctrine- made by James Monroe stating that the British cannot colonize any countries in the Americas
  • The US imperialized and colonized countries in the Americas such as Hawaii
  • The US did this because of its superiority complex or Manifest Destiny
  • Spanish-American War- resulted in Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines becoming US colonies
  • The US wanted to imperialize Latin America to gain more territory and to expand their influence
  • The US wanted Latin America's resources such as sugar, metals, coffee, copper, etc.
  • Chief Tupac Amaru II arrested and killed a Spanish administrator
  • Chief Tupac Amaru II watched his wife and children get murdered before he was executed
  • France and conservative Mexicans tried to overthrow Benito Juarez
  • Ended with France losing territory and Juarez maintaining control
  • Method: indirect, somewhat direct
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