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Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial and Death
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Rizal's Life: Exile, Trial and Death
September 2, 1896
A week after the outbreak of Philippine revolution Jose Rizal left manila for Spain.
- Rizal was to go to Spain first before going to Cuba, but even before reaching his first destination, he was arrested by the Spanish authorities on board.
Arresting of Rizal
I.
He published books and articles abroad that shows disloyalty to Spain, anti-Catholic, and anti-friar
Reasons Rizal was sent to dapitan
He was accused that the novel "EL Filibusterismo was dedicated to the three priest (GomBurZa) which was proven traitors against Spain.
II.
José Burgos
Mariano Gomez
Jacinto Zamora
He was also believed to be an advocate of separation from Spanish for "El Fili" contained an inscription written by Bluementritt stating that Filipino, There is no salvation except through separation from the Mother country.
III.
He was also charged for seeking to "de-catholicize" Philippines.
IV.
November 20, 1896
- Preliminary investigation with the presence of Colonel Francisco Olive acting as the judge advocate.
- Colonel Olive,presented voluminous evidences that hint them to pursue the trials as follows:
Proceedings and Trial
EVIDENCES
I. A letter from Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce.
II. A letter of Rizal to his family
III. A letter from M.H. Del pilar to Deodato Arrellano.
IV. A poem entitled "KUNDIMAN" allegedly written Rizal.
V. Letter from Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person.
VI. A masonic document
VII. A letter signed by Dimas Alang to unidentified committee.
VIII. An anonymous and undated letter to the editor of HK telegraph.
IX. A letter of Ildefonso Laurel.
X. A letter of Rizal to Segundo.
XI. A letter of M.H. del pilar to Juan Zuelta.
XII. A transcript of speech of Pinkian (Emilio Jacinto in a meeting of the katipunan).
XIII. Transcript of a speech TIK-TOL (Jose Turiano Santigo).
XIV. A poem by Laon Laan (rizal) entitled talisay.
Rescue attempt by the katipunan
- while Rizal was still in Dapitan, the katipunan emissary, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, informed the former of the secret organization's attempt to rescue him and sneak him on a ship destined to Japan,
- However, Rizal was not favor of this plan as he had no plan of breaking his promise to the Spanish authorothies.
August 1896, for the second time, during Rizal's stop over in Manila Bay, Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, and the other selected katepuneros disguised as sailors of tyhe motor Caridad so that they can easily penetrate the cruiser Castilla, then harbored at Manila Bay, Jacinto approached him but he refused to be rescued.
II.
- On board Castilla, Rizal heard the outbreak and was not surprised. However, his worry was that Spanish authorities might think that he incited the struggle.
- Two recommendation letters from Gov. Blanco diverted Rizals's anguish- one of the Minister of War, General Marcelo De Azcarrage; and the second for the Minister of Colonies.
III.
- September 2, 1896 - Aboard the steamer, Isla de Panay, Rizal left Manila for Spain, not knowing that this will be his last travel abroad; writing a letter to his mother Dona Teodora Alonzo.
- Semptember 7, 1896 - he reached Singapore
IV.
Rizals arival in Dapitan
On July 15, 1892, aboard a steamer from Cebu, Rizal sailed to Dapitan. He arrived at Dapitan at July 17 1892 at 7 in the evening.
Captain Delgra handed Rizal to Don Ricardo Carcinero who was the Spanish commandant of Dapitan.
Rizal publicly retract his errors concerning religion, and make statements that were clearly pro-Spanish and against revolution.
That he perform church rites and make a general confession of his past life.
He conduct himself as a model for Spanish subject and man of religion.
Rizal could live under the parish convent under the following conditions:
Important Individulas
Don Ricardo
• Rizal lived with Don Ricardo Carcinero’s house for him to oversee Rizal’s activities.
•Rizal admired the kind, generous Don Ricardo even though he is a Spanish captain. In return, Don Ricardo sent good reports regarding Rizal to Gov. Despujol.
Josephine Bracken
- Josephine Bracken together with his step father Mr. Taufer arrived at Dapitan at 14th of March 1894 in search for cure for Mr. Taufer’s blinding eye illness.
- Rizal fell in love with Josephine Bracken which lead to Rizal asking for her hand in marriage.
- They applied for marriage while ni Dapitan however it was denied by Padre Obach unless Rizal was willing to retract his anti-friar views.
Pedro Balaguer
One of the priests present when Rizal applied for church ceremony for his marriage with Josephine.
• Only primary source regarding the events that occur before Rizal’s execution
• According to Padre Balaguer, Rizal retracted his views against the church and the friars, confessed to his sins not only once but thrice, attended a mass, as well as took communion hours before his execution.
• He was also the one that facilitated the wedding between Rizal and Josephine, supporting the claim of Josephine Bracken.
• Pio arrived at Dapitan on June 15, 1896. He was a member of the Katipunan seeking advice from Rizal regarding the upcoming revolution.
• However, according also to Pio Valenzuela that Rizal opposed the armed rebellion for it was premature.
Pio Valenzuela
5 IMPORTANT INDIVIDUALS
- Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata- Rector; Ateneo Municipal.
- Fr. Luis Vize - came with Fr. Mata; a priest where Rizal asked for the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus which he made during his stay in the school.
- Fr. Antonio Rosell - friend of Rizal who gladly ate breakfast with him.
- LT. Taviel de Andrade - Rizal extended appreciation for Andrade's services at his defense counsel.
- Fr. Federico Faura - had prophesied that he will lose head for writing the Noli; Congratulated him for being right.
Another five important individuals
- Fr. Jose Villaclara - former teacher in Ateneo; ate lunch with Rizal.
- Fr. Vicente Balaguer - accompanied by Fr. villaclara; ate lunch with Rizal.
- Santiago Mataix - contributor in the El Heraldo de Madrid.
- Teodoro Alonzo - beloved mother of Rizal
- Trinidad - his sister where he left the piece, "Mi Ultimo Adios" - Rizak handed down an alcohol cooking stove and whispered that simething was inside it.
Life of Rizal in Dapitan
Practiced medicine and treated patient especially the poor ones for free
• Made a water works system named Aqua duct
• Establish a school which was attended by 16 boys
• Discovered species of animal in Dapitan, namely;
1. Draco Rizali (Flying Lizard)
2. Apogania Rizali (Beetle)
3. Rhacoporus Rizali (Tree frog)
Life of Rizal in Dapitan
Life of Rizal in Dapitan
Rizal devoted much effort in dapitan He tilled the soil and planted rice, corn, abaca and many fruit trees. He practiced his profession as physician and eye sorgeon. constructed residential and little hospital houses. He also assisted to the beautification of the public square.
The spanish colonial government accused Rizal of three crimes:
The Trial of Dr. Jose Rizal
(a) The founding of La Liga Filipina, an “illegal organization”
Whose single aim was to “Perpetrate the crime of rebellion”.
(b) Rebellion which he promoted through his previous activities.
(c)ILLegal association