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2017 Endrew vs. Douglas County School District
-What is an appropriate education under IDEA?-
What- Endrew, student with autism, was not making yearly progress towards his IEP goals.Parents removed him from the public school, and sued the school claiming he was not being given a FAPE. .
Result- school must create IEPS that yield more than the bare minimum for those with disabilities to ensure they are provided a FAPE
Impact on SPED- clealy defined the standard for a FAPE and requires IEPS that hold students with disabilities to a higher standard based off of their abiliity.
2015 ESSA
1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act(IDEA)
1997 IDEA Amendments
1993 Florence County School District 4 v. Shannon Carter
2023 Perez v Sturgis Public Schools
What? School district did not provide Perez with trained sign language interpreter for 12 years resulting in him not qualifying for a diploma, post secondary education at school for the deaf, and a lack of communication skills now at 27 years old.
Why? Denial of FAPE & use of discrimination violating under ADA & IDEA
Results-court dismissed his ADA violation claim because he failed to use up his right to court proceedings under the IDEA. The parties settled, and the district paid for Perez' post secondary education.
Implications for SPED-further litigation & increased clarification is needed to improve family communication, transtion services, and certified personnel/training when it comes to providing SPED services for students with disabilities.
2023 Public Act 23-137
Why? address CT's level of state services re: transition services & procedural safeguards
How? Requires the CSDE (Connecticut State Department of Education) to enfore a" statewide transitionservices coordinator" in order to establish best practices and services for the individual student with disabilities (Sommaruga 2023). Act requires for traning of both transition coordiator and educational staff with transition information for qualifying students of the district. Act also requires for proper notice to family's regarding transition services/plans to assist in post-secondary preparedness.
Impact on SPED-for student'slike Perez, through informative andeffectve services, this act could have aided in his district appropriately setting him up for success for post-secondary life/education.
2002 No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
why? increase achievement of student's in public schools
how? states, schools & districts were held accountable for providing measurable achievement (with numercal data ) in reading and math within a certain time frame.
Impact on SPED- students with disabilities were included in the accountability ensuring schools provided those with disabilities equitable ducation.
2004 IDEA Improvement Act
1984 Smith vs. Robinson
1986 Hadicapped Children Protection Act (HCPA)
1986 Amendments to HCPA
1965 Economic American Opportunity Act
Elementary & Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
WHAT? federal government provided funding to states to aid in educating specific groups of children.
WHY? improve educational opportunties for students with disabilities & other"disadvantages"
1966 Title VI of ESEA (Education of Handicap Act)
1970s
1972 Mills v. Board of Education
What? Guardians of 7 students with a variety of disabilites sued District of Columbia's BOE
Why? The students, part of a "class" were excluded from WA's public education, violating the 14th amendment - the total exclusion of students with any disabiltiy = unconstitutional (citing Brown).
Impact on SPED:
1972 Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Pennsylvania
What? PARC asserted students with mental disabilities were not getting public education
Why? PA was ignoring their constitutional responsibility to provide it- violating both the 14th Amendement (protection of the laws created after Brown) & student rights.
Impact on SPED:
1970 Education of Handicapped Act
1954 Brown vs. BOE
Segregated schools was damaging to education opportunities of minorities. Violated the the protection clause of the 14th amendment & increased stigma on those segregated
SPED significance: "if segregation of race is a denial of equal education opportunity for black children, then te total exclusion of students with disabilities is too". Leading to increase in court cases that challenged for similar fixing of these inequeties.
Led to the extension of the protection doctrine to a "class" of people (minorities)
1958 Education of Mentally Retarded Children Act- funded by congress, teachers of disabled students were trained
1959 Training of Professional Personnel Act- funded by congress, leaders were further trained to educate disabled students
1973 Sectin 504 of Rehabilitation Act
1975 EAHCA
StatewideAssessments
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